A Morphemic Analysis Of Loanwords From English Vocabularies In Kompas Selected Columns
A
MORPHEMIC
ANALYSIS
OF
LOANWORDS
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED COLUMNS
A THESIS
BY :
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
REG. NO. 110705018
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
FROM
ENGLISH
A
MORPHEMIC
ANALYSIS
OF
LOANWORDS
FROM
ENGLISH
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED COLUMNS
A THESIS
BY :
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
REG. NO. 110705018
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Deliana, M. Hum
Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002
NIP. 19581017 198601 1 000
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
i
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, Ph.D
NIP : 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP : 19750209 200812 1 002
ii
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, 8th of October 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
1.
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
....................................................
2.
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
....................................................
3.
Prof. Dr.T. Silvana Sinar, M.A. Ph. D
....................................................
4.
Dr. Deliana, M. Hum
....................................................
iii
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, YUPI HANNA SATRINI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: September 10th, 2015
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
:
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
TITTLE OF THESIS
:
A
MORPHEMIC
LOANWORDS
ANALYSIS
FROM
OF
ENGLISH
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED
COLUMNS
QUALIFICATION
:
S-1 / SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
:
ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
: September 10th, 2015
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank God, the
Powerful and the Merciful for giving me the guidance, the power, the patience, and
the ability to finish this thesis. And also great respectable for Prophet Muhammad
SAW the leader and the rule model of Moslem forever.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to
my supervisor and co-supervisor, Dr. Deliana, M. Hum and Drs. Bahagia Tarigan,
M.A, for their willingness sharing times and patience in guiding, correcting, and
supervising this thesis.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the head of Department of
English Literature, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, Mr. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA,
Ph.D as the secretary of Department of English Literature for giving all facilities and
opportunities in completing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude is dedicate to my rest and wonderful family, to my mom
and dad, thanks for the great spirit, pray, and endless love you have always been
sharing with me. Then to my sisters, Mbak Gege, Lona, and Hesti, thanks for all of
the support you have given to me. Then to my one and only brother, Wigung, thanks
for the great spirit you have told to me.
I don’t forget to thank to my amazing Sehati’s friend Novri, Dian, May, Ibet,
Doris, and Ima for all of the support you gave to me and for the help you did to me
when I was oppress in doing this thesis.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank to the best friends that God sent to
me Darathia Brahmana, Debora Natalia Ginting, Elsa Gloria, Erna Wati Damanik,
vi
Sonya Priscilia Tarigan, Sulastri Situmorang, and Tantri Weri Sinaga for all the
favors, discussions, thoughts, advices, and the sincere friendship. Thanks for making
my four years filled with craziness, wonderful, and spectacular experience. Thanks
for being my “family” when I was far away from my family. Thanks for accepting
every inadequacy I had. Thanks for changing all of my unfavorable attitudes and
deeds. Thanks for teaching me how to appreciate the difference we had. I’ve gained
very much experiences and lessons from you all. I don’t know how to reward all of
the kindnesses you’ve shared to me. Thanks for unforgettable moments you made for
me. Thanks for everything you gave to my life. May Allah SWT, the Almighty bless
you all, Amin.
Medan, September 2015
Yupi Hanna Satrini
vii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “A Morphemic Analysis of Loanwords From English
Vocabularies In Indonesian Selected Newspaper „Kompas‟” ini membahas tentang
analisis morfemis dari kata-kata serapan Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan kedalam
Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis morfemis merupakan sebuah proses pembentukan kata
baik derivasional maupun infleksional. Analisis morfemis yang dibahas didalam
skripsi ini adalah afiksasi, perubahan internal, konversi atau perubahan kosong,dan
derivasional.Skripsi ini dimaksudkan untuk menambah penelitian ilmiah dan
informasi yang berhubungan dengan proses-proses morfemis dari kata-kata serapan
dan juga sebagai acuan dan pertimbangan bagi orang- orang yang akan mempelajari
dan menganalisa proses-proses morfemis dari kata-kata serapan dalam Bahasa
Indoensia. Metode yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif
deskriptif karena semua data yang dianalisis dalam skripsi ini dibuat dalam bentuk
kata-kata bukan angka. Data dalam skripsi ini diambil dari kolom yang sudah dipilih
dalam harian Kompas dari tanggal 23 April sampai dengan 30 April 2015. Dari hasil
analisis yang ditemukan dalam skripsi ini,terdapat sedikitnya 215 kemunculan katakata serapan yang lazim digunakan dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Kata-kata ini kemudian
dikelompokkan berdasarkan proses-proses morfemis yang terjadi ketika kata tersebut
digunakan kedalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hampir semua kata yang diserap kedalam
Bahasa Indonesia mengalami perubahan dalam penggunaaannya.
Kata kunci: kata serapan, analisis morfemis, afiksasi, perubahan
internal, konversi, derivasional.
viii
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “A Morphemic Analysis of Loanwords From English
Vocabularies In Indonesian Selected Newspaper „Kompas‟” discusses about the
morphemic analysis of English loanwords which is used into Bahasa Indonesia
Morphemic analysis is a process of word formation whether it is derivational or
inflectional. The morphemic analysis that will be discussed in this thesis are
affixation, internal change, conversion or zero derivation, and derivational. This
thesis is intended to enrich the scientific research and give information about
morphemic processes of loanwords and also can be a reference and consideration for
those who study and analyze morphemic processes of loanwords in Bahasa
Indonesia. The method that used in thesis is descriptive qualitative method because
all of the data that are analyzed in this thesis are presented in the form of words not
in number. The data are taken from Kompas selected columns in April 23rd up to
April 30th 2015.Based on the finding that has been analyzed in this thesis, at least 215
occurrences of loanwords are found from the data which is commonly used in
Bahasa Indonesia. This occurrence of loanwords then are analyzed based on the
process which occurs in its word formation. It is almost certainly that loanwords
which borrow into Bahasa Indonesia have gained some changes in using it.
Keywords: loanwords, morphemic analysis, affixation, internal change,
conversion or zero derivation, derivational.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
SUPERVISORS’ ɑPPROVɑL SHEET ....................................................................... i
DEPɑRTMENT’S APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................... ii
ɒOɑRD OF EXɑMINERS’ ɑPPROVɑL ................................................................. iii
ɑUTHOR’S DECLɑRɑTION ................................................................................... iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ vi
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiv
Chapter I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of Study .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Objectives of Study .............................................................................. 3
1.4 Scope of Study...................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of Study .......................................................................... 4
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Review of Study ................................................................................... 5
2.2 Theoretical Review ............................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Morphology................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 Word............................................................................................ 7
2.2.3 Morpheme ................................................................................... 8
x
2.2.4 Root, Base, and Stem ................................................................ 10
2.3 Morphemic Analysis .......................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Affixation .................................................................................. 12
2.3.2 Internal Change ......................................................................... 13
2.3.3 Reduplication ............................................................................ 14
2.3.4 Conversion ................................................................................ 14
2.3.5 Derivational ............................................................................... 14
2.3.6 Inflectional ................................................................................ 14
2.4 Loanwords .......................................................................................... 15
Chapter III METHODS OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ................................................................................. 18
3.2 Data and Data Source ......................................................................... 18
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure .................................................................. 19
3.4 Data Analysis Method ........................................................................ 19
Chapter IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Analysis .............................................................................................. 21
4.1.1 Spontaneous Loanwords ........................................................... 21
4.1.2 Incorporated Loanwords ........................................................... 24
4.1.3 Analysis of Affixation Process ................................................. 31
4.1.4 Analysis of Internal Change Process ........................................ 43
4.1.5 Analysis of Conversion Process ................................................ 65
4.1.6 Analysis of Derivational Process .............................................. 82
4.2 Findings ............................................................................................. 87
xi
Chapter V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 89
5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................... 89
REFERENCES
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Adj
: Adjective
N
: Noun
V
: Verb
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
: Free morphemes and bound morphemes
Table 2.2
: Inflectional forms
Table 2.3
: Necessary and unnecessary loanwords
Table 4.1
: Spontaneous Loanwords
Table 4.2
: Incorporated Loanwords
Table 4.3
: Bahasa Indonesia Affixation Adjustment of loanwords
Table 4.4
: Internal changes’ list
Table 4.5
: Conversion’s list
Table 4.6
: Derivational process’s list
xiv
MORPHEMIC
ANALYSIS
OF
LOANWORDS
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED COLUMNS
A THESIS
BY :
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
REG. NO. 110705018
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
FROM
ENGLISH
A
MORPHEMIC
ANALYSIS
OF
LOANWORDS
FROM
ENGLISH
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED COLUMNS
A THESIS
BY :
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
REG. NO. 110705018
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Deliana, M. Hum
Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002
NIP. 19581017 198601 1 000
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
i
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, Ph.D
NIP : 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP : 19750209 200812 1 002
ii
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, 8th of October 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
1.
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
....................................................
2.
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
....................................................
3.
Prof. Dr.T. Silvana Sinar, M.A. Ph. D
....................................................
4.
Dr. Deliana, M. Hum
....................................................
iii
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, YUPI HANNA SATRINI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: September 10th, 2015
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
:
YUPI HANNA SATRINI
TITTLE OF THESIS
:
A
MORPHEMIC
LOANWORDS
ANALYSIS
FROM
OF
ENGLISH
VOCABULARIES IN KOMPAS SELECTED
COLUMNS
QUALIFICATION
:
S-1 / SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
:
ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
: September 10th, 2015
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, I would like to thank God, the
Powerful and the Merciful for giving me the guidance, the power, the patience, and
the ability to finish this thesis. And also great respectable for Prophet Muhammad
SAW the leader and the rule model of Moslem forever.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to
my supervisor and co-supervisor, Dr. Deliana, M. Hum and Drs. Bahagia Tarigan,
M.A, for their willingness sharing times and patience in guiding, correcting, and
supervising this thesis.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the head of Department of
English Literature, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, Mr. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA,
Ph.D as the secretary of Department of English Literature for giving all facilities and
opportunities in completing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude is dedicate to my rest and wonderful family, to my mom
and dad, thanks for the great spirit, pray, and endless love you have always been
sharing with me. Then to my sisters, Mbak Gege, Lona, and Hesti, thanks for all of
the support you have given to me. Then to my one and only brother, Wigung, thanks
for the great spirit you have told to me.
I don’t forget to thank to my amazing Sehati’s friend Novri, Dian, May, Ibet,
Doris, and Ima for all of the support you gave to me and for the help you did to me
when I was oppress in doing this thesis.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank to the best friends that God sent to
me Darathia Brahmana, Debora Natalia Ginting, Elsa Gloria, Erna Wati Damanik,
vi
Sonya Priscilia Tarigan, Sulastri Situmorang, and Tantri Weri Sinaga for all the
favors, discussions, thoughts, advices, and the sincere friendship. Thanks for making
my four years filled with craziness, wonderful, and spectacular experience. Thanks
for being my “family” when I was far away from my family. Thanks for accepting
every inadequacy I had. Thanks for changing all of my unfavorable attitudes and
deeds. Thanks for teaching me how to appreciate the difference we had. I’ve gained
very much experiences and lessons from you all. I don’t know how to reward all of
the kindnesses you’ve shared to me. Thanks for unforgettable moments you made for
me. Thanks for everything you gave to my life. May Allah SWT, the Almighty bless
you all, Amin.
Medan, September 2015
Yupi Hanna Satrini
vii
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “A Morphemic Analysis of Loanwords From English
Vocabularies In Indonesian Selected Newspaper „Kompas‟” ini membahas tentang
analisis morfemis dari kata-kata serapan Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan kedalam
Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis morfemis merupakan sebuah proses pembentukan kata
baik derivasional maupun infleksional. Analisis morfemis yang dibahas didalam
skripsi ini adalah afiksasi, perubahan internal, konversi atau perubahan kosong,dan
derivasional.Skripsi ini dimaksudkan untuk menambah penelitian ilmiah dan
informasi yang berhubungan dengan proses-proses morfemis dari kata-kata serapan
dan juga sebagai acuan dan pertimbangan bagi orang- orang yang akan mempelajari
dan menganalisa proses-proses morfemis dari kata-kata serapan dalam Bahasa
Indoensia. Metode yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif
deskriptif karena semua data yang dianalisis dalam skripsi ini dibuat dalam bentuk
kata-kata bukan angka. Data dalam skripsi ini diambil dari kolom yang sudah dipilih
dalam harian Kompas dari tanggal 23 April sampai dengan 30 April 2015. Dari hasil
analisis yang ditemukan dalam skripsi ini,terdapat sedikitnya 215 kemunculan katakata serapan yang lazim digunakan dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Kata-kata ini kemudian
dikelompokkan berdasarkan proses-proses morfemis yang terjadi ketika kata tersebut
digunakan kedalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hampir semua kata yang diserap kedalam
Bahasa Indonesia mengalami perubahan dalam penggunaaannya.
Kata kunci: kata serapan, analisis morfemis, afiksasi, perubahan
internal, konversi, derivasional.
viii
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “A Morphemic Analysis of Loanwords From English
Vocabularies In Indonesian Selected Newspaper „Kompas‟” discusses about the
morphemic analysis of English loanwords which is used into Bahasa Indonesia
Morphemic analysis is a process of word formation whether it is derivational or
inflectional. The morphemic analysis that will be discussed in this thesis are
affixation, internal change, conversion or zero derivation, and derivational. This
thesis is intended to enrich the scientific research and give information about
morphemic processes of loanwords and also can be a reference and consideration for
those who study and analyze morphemic processes of loanwords in Bahasa
Indonesia. The method that used in thesis is descriptive qualitative method because
all of the data that are analyzed in this thesis are presented in the form of words not
in number. The data are taken from Kompas selected columns in April 23rd up to
April 30th 2015.Based on the finding that has been analyzed in this thesis, at least 215
occurrences of loanwords are found from the data which is commonly used in
Bahasa Indonesia. This occurrence of loanwords then are analyzed based on the
process which occurs in its word formation. It is almost certainly that loanwords
which borrow into Bahasa Indonesia have gained some changes in using it.
Keywords: loanwords, morphemic analysis, affixation, internal change,
conversion or zero derivation, derivational.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
SUPERVISORS’ ɑPPROVɑL SHEET ....................................................................... i
DEPɑRTMENT’S APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................... ii
ɒOɑRD OF EXɑMINERS’ ɑPPROVɑL ................................................................. iii
ɑUTHOR’S DECLɑRɑTION ................................................................................... iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ vi
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiv
Chapter I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem of Study .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Objectives of Study .............................................................................. 3
1.4 Scope of Study...................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of Study .......................................................................... 4
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Review of Study ................................................................................... 5
2.2 Theoretical Review ............................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Morphology................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 Word............................................................................................ 7
2.2.3 Morpheme ................................................................................... 8
x
2.2.4 Root, Base, and Stem ................................................................ 10
2.3 Morphemic Analysis .......................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Affixation .................................................................................. 12
2.3.2 Internal Change ......................................................................... 13
2.3.3 Reduplication ............................................................................ 14
2.3.4 Conversion ................................................................................ 14
2.3.5 Derivational ............................................................................... 14
2.3.6 Inflectional ................................................................................ 14
2.4 Loanwords .......................................................................................... 15
Chapter III METHODS OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ................................................................................. 18
3.2 Data and Data Source ......................................................................... 18
3.3 Data Collecting Procedure .................................................................. 19
3.4 Data Analysis Method ........................................................................ 19
Chapter IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Analysis .............................................................................................. 21
4.1.1 Spontaneous Loanwords ........................................................... 21
4.1.2 Incorporated Loanwords ........................................................... 24
4.1.3 Analysis of Affixation Process ................................................. 31
4.1.4 Analysis of Internal Change Process ........................................ 43
4.1.5 Analysis of Conversion Process ................................................ 65
4.1.6 Analysis of Derivational Process .............................................. 82
4.2 Findings ............................................................................................. 87
xi
Chapter V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 89
5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................... 89
REFERENCES
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Adj
: Adjective
N
: Noun
V
: Verb
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
: Free morphemes and bound morphemes
Table 2.2
: Inflectional forms
Table 2.3
: Necessary and unnecessary loanwords
Table 4.1
: Spontaneous Loanwords
Table 4.2
: Incorporated Loanwords
Table 4.3
: Bahasa Indonesia Affixation Adjustment of loanwords
Table 4.4
: Internal changes’ list
Table 4.5
: Conversion’s list
Table 4.6
: Derivational process’s list
xiv