Faktor – Faktor Berpengaruh pada Ekstraksi Minyak dari Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) Menggunakan Pelarut N-Heptana
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Badan Pusat Statistik, “Survey Pertanian
Indonesia,” Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2013.
Produksi
Buah-buahan
di
[2] Prasetyowati, Retno Pratiwi, Fera Tris O, “Pengambilan Minyak Biji
Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) dengan Metode Ekstraksi,” Jurnal Teknik
Kimia, No. 2, Vol. 17, April 2010.
[3] Bambang Pramudono, Septian Ardi Widioko, Wawan Rustyawan,
“Ekstraksi Kontinyu dengan Simulasi Batch Tiga Tahap Aliran Lawan Arah:
Pengambilan Minyak Biji Alpukat Menggunakan Pelarut n-Hexane dan Iso Propil
Alkohol,” Jurnal Reaktor, Vol. 12 No. 1, Juni 2008, hal. 37 - 41.
[4] Nancy Siti Djenar, Bintang IM, Ayu W, Eka PI, “Pembuatan Biodiesel dari
Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea gratissima) Menggunakan Katalis CaO,” Prosiding
Seminar Nasional Teknoin 2012, November 2012, hal. 57 – 64.
[5] Liberty P. Malangngi, Meiske S. Sangi, Jessy J. E. Paendong, “Penentuan
Kandungan Tanin dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Biji Buah Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill)” Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 1 (1) 2012: hal. 5 – 10.
[6] Mira Marlinda, Meiske S. Sangi, Audy D. Wuntu, “Analisis Senyawa
Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill)” Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 1 (1) 2012: hal. 24 – 28.
[7] Andy Chandra, Hie Maria Inggrid, Verawati, “Pengaruh pH dan Jenis
Pelarut pada Perolehan dan Karakterisasi Pati dari Biji Alpukat,” Lembaga
Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan,
2013.
[8] Linda Masniary Lubis, “Ekstraksi Pati dari Biji Alpukat,” Karya Ilmiah,
Departemen Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Medan, 2008.
[9] Adama, K. K dan Edoga, M. O, “Avocado Apple (Persea americana)
Pericarp Waste: A Source of Oil for Industrial Application Obtained and
Characterized Using Extraction With Different Solvents,” Archived of Applied
Science Research Vol.3, No. 4, 2011, hal. 398 – 410.
[10] Orhevba, B.A dan Jinadu, A.O, “ Determination of Physico-Chemical
Properties and Nutritional Contents of Avocado Pear (Persea Americana M.),”
SAVAP International Journal Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011.
[11] EPA. 2013. Hexane. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[12] McCann, Michael. 1994. Health Hazards of Solvents. University of Illinois
at Chicago.
41
[13] Ayers, A.L., and J.J. Dooley,”Extraction Solvents for Cottonseed : A
Laboratory-Scale Study”, Journal AOCS, Vol. 25, 1948, hal. 372.
[14] E.J. Conkerton, P.J. Wan, O.A. Richard, “Hexane and Heptane as Extraction
Solvents for Cottonseed: A Laboratory-Scale Study,” JAOCS, Vol. 72, No. 8,
1995.
[15] Menegristek, “Alpukat / Avokad (Persea americana Mill/Persea gratissima
Gaerth),” Menegristek Bidang Pendayagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Ilmu
Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, Jakarta, 2000.
[16] Dyah Prajnaparamita Dewi,”Toksisitas Granula Ekstrak Biji Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegyepti L.
Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Jurusan Pendidikan MIPA. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Jember. 2014.
[17] João Jaime Giffoni Leite, Érika Helena Salles Brito, Rossana Aguiar
Cordeiro, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Luciana
Medeiros Bertini, Selene Maia de Morais, and Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha,”
Chemical
composition,
toxicity
and
larvicidal
and
antifungal
activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts”, Revista da Sociedade
Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Vol. 42, No.2, hal.110-113, 2009.
[18] Rachimoellah, H.M., Resti, Dyah Ayu., Zibbeni, Ali., Susila, I Wayan,
“Production of Biodiesel through Transesterification of Avocado (Persea
Gratissima) Seed Oil Using Base Catalyst,” Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11, No. 2,
2009, hal. 85-90.
[19] Bora, Pushkar S., Narain, Narendra, Rocha, Rosalynd V.M, and Paulo,
Marcal Queiroz, “Characterization of the Oils from The Pulp and The Seed of
Avocado,” Grasas y Aceites Vol. 52, Fasc. 3-4, 2001, hal. 171-174.
[20] Brunt, Vincent Van, “Extraction,” CRC Press, California.
[21] J.F. Richardson, J.H Harker, J.R. Backhurst, “Coulson and Richardson’s
Chemical Engineering Volume 2 Fifth Edition Particle Technology and
Separation Processes,” Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
[22] Dyah Septyaningsih, “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Komponen Utama Ekstrak
Biji Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.).” Skripsi, Program Sarjana
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Surakarta, 2010.
[23] Sukma, Indra Wibawa Dwi. 2012. Ekstraksi Cair-Cair. Universitas
Lampung.
[24] Chew, K.K., Khoo, M.Z., Ng, S.Y., Thoo, Y.Y., Wan Aida, W.M., Ho,
C.W.,”Effect of Ethanol Concentration, Extraction Time, and Entraction
42
Temperature on the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity
of Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts”, International Food Research Journal 18(4),
2011, hal. 1427-1435.
[25] R. E. Kirk and R. F. Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4th Ed,
(Canada : John Willey and Sons Ltd, 1998), Ch. 10 : hal. 88.
[26] Gloria R. Dobush, C. Davidson Ankney, and David G. Krementz,”The
Effect of Apparatus, Extraction time, and Solvent Type on Lipid Extractions of
Snow Geese”, NRC Research Press, Department of Zoology, University of
Western Ontario, London, 1985, hal. 1918.
[27] Banat. F, Pal. P, Jwaied. N, Al-Rabadi. A,”Extraction of Olive Oil from
Olive Cake Using Soxhlet Apparatus”, American Journal of Oil and Chemical
Technologies, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2013, hal. 1-8.
[28] Sciencelab, “Material Safety Data Sheet n-heptane,” Sciencelab.com, Inc,
2013. Hal. 1-5.
[29] Brian McConnell and Ihab H. Farag,” Kinetics Study of the Solvent
Extraction of Lipids from Chlorella vulgaris”, International Journal of
Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), Vol. 1, No. 10, 2013, hal. 28-33.
[30] Alejandra Garcia Piantanida and Andrew R. Barron,” Principles Of Gas
Chromatography”, Open Stax-CNX Module, 2014, hal. 1-10.
[31] Nuryanti dan Salimi, Djati H.,”Metode Permukaan Respond an Aplikasinya
pada Optimasi Eksperimen Kimia”, Risalah Lokakarya Komputasi dalam Sains
dan Teknologi Nuklir, 2008, hal. 373 - 391.
[32] Lazic, Zivorad, “Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering,” WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2004, Weinheim.
[33] Adepoju T.F, Olawale O., Okunola A.A, Olatunji E.M,”Extraction of Oil
from Soursop Oilseeds & Its Characterization”, International Journal of
Suistainable Energy and Environmental Research, 3(2), 2014, hal. 80 - 89.
[34] Sri Handajani, Godras Jati Manuhara, dan R. Baskara Katri
Anandito,”Pengaruh Suhu Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia dan
Sensoris Minyak Wijen (Sesamum Indicum L.)”, Agritech, Vol. 30, No.2, Mei
2010, hal. 116 – 122.
[35] Ana F. Vinha, Joana Moreira, Sérgio V. P. Barreira, “Physicochemical
Parameters, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the
Algarvian Avocado (Persea americana Mill.),” Journal of Agricultural Science
Vol. 5, No. 12, 2013, hal. 100 – 109.
43
[36] Sutiah, K. Sofian Firdausi, Wahyu Setia Budi,” Studi Kualitas Minyak
Goreng dengan Parameter Viskositas dan Indeks Bias”, Berkala Fisika, Vol. 11,
No.2, April 2008, hal. 53-58.
[37] Jansen Silalahi dan Siti Nurbaya,”Komposisi, Distribusi, dan Sifat
Aterogenik Asam Lemak dalam Minyak Kelapa dan Kelapa Sawit”, J Indon Med
Assoc, Vol. 61, No. 11, November 2011, hal. 453 – 457.
[38] Dewi Mariani Manurung,“ Komposisi Kimia, Asam Lemak dan Kolesterol
Udang Ronggeng (Harpiosquilla raphidea) Akibat Perebusan,” Skripsi,
Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan,
Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2009.
[39] Kusno Budhikarjono,“ Perbaikan Kualitas Minyak Sawit Sebagai Bahan
Baku Sabun Melalui Proses Pemucatan Dengan Oksidasi”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia,
Vol.1, No.2, April 2007.
[40] Mercia de Sousa Galvão, Narendra Narain, Nisha Nigam,” Influence of
Different Cultivars on Oil Quality and Chemical Characteristics of Avocado
Fruit”, Food Sci. Technol (Campinas,) Vol.34, No.3, 2014.
[41] Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika,”Pengaruh Asam Lemak Jenuh, tidak Jenuh dan
Asam Lemak Trans terhadap Kesehatan”, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Nasional, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2008, hal. 154 - 160.
44
[1] Badan Pusat Statistik, “Survey Pertanian
Indonesia,” Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2013.
Produksi
Buah-buahan
di
[2] Prasetyowati, Retno Pratiwi, Fera Tris O, “Pengambilan Minyak Biji
Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) dengan Metode Ekstraksi,” Jurnal Teknik
Kimia, No. 2, Vol. 17, April 2010.
[3] Bambang Pramudono, Septian Ardi Widioko, Wawan Rustyawan,
“Ekstraksi Kontinyu dengan Simulasi Batch Tiga Tahap Aliran Lawan Arah:
Pengambilan Minyak Biji Alpukat Menggunakan Pelarut n-Hexane dan Iso Propil
Alkohol,” Jurnal Reaktor, Vol. 12 No. 1, Juni 2008, hal. 37 - 41.
[4] Nancy Siti Djenar, Bintang IM, Ayu W, Eka PI, “Pembuatan Biodiesel dari
Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea gratissima) Menggunakan Katalis CaO,” Prosiding
Seminar Nasional Teknoin 2012, November 2012, hal. 57 – 64.
[5] Liberty P. Malangngi, Meiske S. Sangi, Jessy J. E. Paendong, “Penentuan
Kandungan Tanin dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Biji Buah Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill)” Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 1 (1) 2012: hal. 5 – 10.
[6] Mira Marlinda, Meiske S. Sangi, Audy D. Wuntu, “Analisis Senyawa
Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill)” Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 1 (1) 2012: hal. 24 – 28.
[7] Andy Chandra, Hie Maria Inggrid, Verawati, “Pengaruh pH dan Jenis
Pelarut pada Perolehan dan Karakterisasi Pati dari Biji Alpukat,” Lembaga
Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan,
2013.
[8] Linda Masniary Lubis, “Ekstraksi Pati dari Biji Alpukat,” Karya Ilmiah,
Departemen Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Medan, 2008.
[9] Adama, K. K dan Edoga, M. O, “Avocado Apple (Persea americana)
Pericarp Waste: A Source of Oil for Industrial Application Obtained and
Characterized Using Extraction With Different Solvents,” Archived of Applied
Science Research Vol.3, No. 4, 2011, hal. 398 – 410.
[10] Orhevba, B.A dan Jinadu, A.O, “ Determination of Physico-Chemical
Properties and Nutritional Contents of Avocado Pear (Persea Americana M.),”
SAVAP International Journal Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011.
[11] EPA. 2013. Hexane. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[12] McCann, Michael. 1994. Health Hazards of Solvents. University of Illinois
at Chicago.
41
[13] Ayers, A.L., and J.J. Dooley,”Extraction Solvents for Cottonseed : A
Laboratory-Scale Study”, Journal AOCS, Vol. 25, 1948, hal. 372.
[14] E.J. Conkerton, P.J. Wan, O.A. Richard, “Hexane and Heptane as Extraction
Solvents for Cottonseed: A Laboratory-Scale Study,” JAOCS, Vol. 72, No. 8,
1995.
[15] Menegristek, “Alpukat / Avokad (Persea americana Mill/Persea gratissima
Gaerth),” Menegristek Bidang Pendayagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Ilmu
Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, Jakarta, 2000.
[16] Dyah Prajnaparamita Dewi,”Toksisitas Granula Ekstrak Biji Alpukat
(Persea americana Mill) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegyepti L.
Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Jurusan Pendidikan MIPA. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Jember. 2014.
[17] João Jaime Giffoni Leite, Érika Helena Salles Brito, Rossana Aguiar
Cordeiro, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Luciana
Medeiros Bertini, Selene Maia de Morais, and Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha,”
Chemical
composition,
toxicity
and
larvicidal
and
antifungal
activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts”, Revista da Sociedade
Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Vol. 42, No.2, hal.110-113, 2009.
[18] Rachimoellah, H.M., Resti, Dyah Ayu., Zibbeni, Ali., Susila, I Wayan,
“Production of Biodiesel through Transesterification of Avocado (Persea
Gratissima) Seed Oil Using Base Catalyst,” Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 11, No. 2,
2009, hal. 85-90.
[19] Bora, Pushkar S., Narain, Narendra, Rocha, Rosalynd V.M, and Paulo,
Marcal Queiroz, “Characterization of the Oils from The Pulp and The Seed of
Avocado,” Grasas y Aceites Vol. 52, Fasc. 3-4, 2001, hal. 171-174.
[20] Brunt, Vincent Van, “Extraction,” CRC Press, California.
[21] J.F. Richardson, J.H Harker, J.R. Backhurst, “Coulson and Richardson’s
Chemical Engineering Volume 2 Fifth Edition Particle Technology and
Separation Processes,” Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
[22] Dyah Septyaningsih, “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Komponen Utama Ekstrak
Biji Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.).” Skripsi, Program Sarjana
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Surakarta, 2010.
[23] Sukma, Indra Wibawa Dwi. 2012. Ekstraksi Cair-Cair. Universitas
Lampung.
[24] Chew, K.K., Khoo, M.Z., Ng, S.Y., Thoo, Y.Y., Wan Aida, W.M., Ho,
C.W.,”Effect of Ethanol Concentration, Extraction Time, and Entraction
42
Temperature on the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity
of Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts”, International Food Research Journal 18(4),
2011, hal. 1427-1435.
[25] R. E. Kirk and R. F. Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4th Ed,
(Canada : John Willey and Sons Ltd, 1998), Ch. 10 : hal. 88.
[26] Gloria R. Dobush, C. Davidson Ankney, and David G. Krementz,”The
Effect of Apparatus, Extraction time, and Solvent Type on Lipid Extractions of
Snow Geese”, NRC Research Press, Department of Zoology, University of
Western Ontario, London, 1985, hal. 1918.
[27] Banat. F, Pal. P, Jwaied. N, Al-Rabadi. A,”Extraction of Olive Oil from
Olive Cake Using Soxhlet Apparatus”, American Journal of Oil and Chemical
Technologies, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2013, hal. 1-8.
[28] Sciencelab, “Material Safety Data Sheet n-heptane,” Sciencelab.com, Inc,
2013. Hal. 1-5.
[29] Brian McConnell and Ihab H. Farag,” Kinetics Study of the Solvent
Extraction of Lipids from Chlorella vulgaris”, International Journal of
Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), Vol. 1, No. 10, 2013, hal. 28-33.
[30] Alejandra Garcia Piantanida and Andrew R. Barron,” Principles Of Gas
Chromatography”, Open Stax-CNX Module, 2014, hal. 1-10.
[31] Nuryanti dan Salimi, Djati H.,”Metode Permukaan Respond an Aplikasinya
pada Optimasi Eksperimen Kimia”, Risalah Lokakarya Komputasi dalam Sains
dan Teknologi Nuklir, 2008, hal. 373 - 391.
[32] Lazic, Zivorad, “Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering,” WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2004, Weinheim.
[33] Adepoju T.F, Olawale O., Okunola A.A, Olatunji E.M,”Extraction of Oil
from Soursop Oilseeds & Its Characterization”, International Journal of
Suistainable Energy and Environmental Research, 3(2), 2014, hal. 80 - 89.
[34] Sri Handajani, Godras Jati Manuhara, dan R. Baskara Katri
Anandito,”Pengaruh Suhu Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia dan
Sensoris Minyak Wijen (Sesamum Indicum L.)”, Agritech, Vol. 30, No.2, Mei
2010, hal. 116 – 122.
[35] Ana F. Vinha, Joana Moreira, Sérgio V. P. Barreira, “Physicochemical
Parameters, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the
Algarvian Avocado (Persea americana Mill.),” Journal of Agricultural Science
Vol. 5, No. 12, 2013, hal. 100 – 109.
43
[36] Sutiah, K. Sofian Firdausi, Wahyu Setia Budi,” Studi Kualitas Minyak
Goreng dengan Parameter Viskositas dan Indeks Bias”, Berkala Fisika, Vol. 11,
No.2, April 2008, hal. 53-58.
[37] Jansen Silalahi dan Siti Nurbaya,”Komposisi, Distribusi, dan Sifat
Aterogenik Asam Lemak dalam Minyak Kelapa dan Kelapa Sawit”, J Indon Med
Assoc, Vol. 61, No. 11, November 2011, hal. 453 – 457.
[38] Dewi Mariani Manurung,“ Komposisi Kimia, Asam Lemak dan Kolesterol
Udang Ronggeng (Harpiosquilla raphidea) Akibat Perebusan,” Skripsi,
Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan,
Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2009.
[39] Kusno Budhikarjono,“ Perbaikan Kualitas Minyak Sawit Sebagai Bahan
Baku Sabun Melalui Proses Pemucatan Dengan Oksidasi”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia,
Vol.1, No.2, April 2007.
[40] Mercia de Sousa Galvão, Narendra Narain, Nisha Nigam,” Influence of
Different Cultivars on Oil Quality and Chemical Characteristics of Avocado
Fruit”, Food Sci. Technol (Campinas,) Vol.34, No.3, 2014.
[41] Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika,”Pengaruh Asam Lemak Jenuh, tidak Jenuh dan
Asam Lemak Trans terhadap Kesehatan”, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Nasional, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2008, hal. 154 - 160.
44