Uji Efek Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nipah (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb.) Pada Mencit Yang Diinduksi Aloksan
UJI EFEK ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN NIPAH
(Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) PADA MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang prevalensinya
semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pengobatan penyakit ini memerlukan
jangka waktu lama dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, oleh karena itu banyak
penderita berusaha mengendalikan kadar glukosa darahnya menggunakan bahan
alam seperti daun nipah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui
karakteristik simplisia daun nipah dan efek ekstrak etanol daun nipah terhadap
penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi aloksan.
Tahapan penelitian yaitu identifikasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan dan
pengolahan bahan, pembuatan simplisia, skrining fitokimia, karakterisasi
simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskopik, penetapan kadar
air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan
kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam, pembuatan ekstrak
dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%, dan uji efek
antihiperglikemia menggunakan mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan dosis 175
mg/kg bb secara intraperitoneal. Mencit diabetes dikelompokkan dalam lima
kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit.
Kelompok I diberi suspensi CMC 0,5% b/v; kelompok II, III, dan IV diberikan
ekstrak etanol daun nipah dengan dosis 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bb; dan kelompok V
diberi metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb per oral selama 15 hari berturut-turut.
Selanjutnya, pengukuran kadar glukosa darah diamati dan diukur dengan
Glukometer pada hari ke-3, 6, 9, 12 dan hari ke-15. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis
dengan analisis variansi (ANAVA) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Tukey untuk
melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia menunjukkan di dalamnya terdapat
saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Hasil karakteristik simplisia daun nipah
diketahui kadar air 7,91%; kadar sari larut dalam air 16,48%; kadar sari larut
dalam etanol 13,28%; kadar abu total 5,77%; dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam
asam 2,83%. Hasil analisis pemberian ekstrak etanol daun nipah menunjukkan
efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang bermakna dibandingkan
kelompok kontrol CMC 0,5%. Penurunan kadar glukosa darahyang paling baik
pada hari ke-15 ditunjukkan kelompok dosis 100 mg/kg bb dengan persen
penurunan 70,9000; dosis 200 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 68,8640; dan
dosis 300 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 42,3040. Hasil uji statistik (α =
0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun nipah dosis 100 mg/kg bb dan
dosis 200 mg/kg bb tidak berbeda nyata dengan metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb.
Kata Kunci: Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), diabetes mellitus, kadar
glukosa darah, aloksan
vi
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NIPAH LEAF (Nypa
fruticans Wurmb.) TO DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF
MICE INDUCED ALOXAN
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the disease which the prevalence
increase from year to year. Treatment of this disease a require long period of time
and relatively expensive, therefore many people try to control their blood glucose
levels using natural ingredients eg nipah leaf. The aims of this study were to
determine the characteristics of nipah leaves simplex and to evaluate the effect of
ethanol extract of nipah leaves in decreasing blood glucose levels in mice induced
aloxan.
Steps of this research are identification of plant material, collection and
processing of materials, manufacture of the simplex, phytochemistry screening of
simplex, the simplex characterization includes macroscopic and microscopic
examination, determination of water content, the assay of the water soluble
extract, the ethanol soluble extract, the determination of total ash and
determination of acid insoluble ash content, manufacture of extract using
maseration method with 70% ethanol, and the measurement of mice’s blood sugar
levels. Male mice were induced aloxan dose 175 mg / kg bw by intraperitoneal.
Diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups, and each 5 miceper group.
Group I was given CMC 0.5% b/v; group II, III, and IV were given ethanol
extract of nipah leaf with a dose of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bw; group V was given
metformin dose 65 mg/kg bw by orally for 15 consecutive days. Furthermore, the
measurement of blood glucose level was observed with Glucometer on day 3, 6, 9,
12 and day 15. Test result data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANAVA)
followed by Tukey's method to see the difference among the treatments.
The result of phytochemical screening showed that the simplex contain
saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and glycosides. The results of the characterization of
simplicia showed moisture content of 7.91%; water-soluble extract concentration
of 16.48%; ethanol soluble extract concentration of 13.28%; total ash content of
5.77%; and insoluble ash content in acid of 2.83%.The results of analysis showed
that administration of ethanol extract of nipah leaves decreased blood glucose
levels significantly compound to CMC 0.5% control group. The average blood
glucose levels on day 15 for 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 300 mg/kg bw
were 70.9000, 68.8640, and 42.3040 respectively. The results of statistical tests (α
= 0.05) showed that ethanol extract of nipah leaves of 100 mg/kg bw and 200
mg/kg bw were not significantly different with metformin of 65 mg/kg bw dosage
form.
Keywords: Nipah leaf (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), diabetes mellitus, blood glucose
levels, aloxan
vii
(Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) PADA MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang prevalensinya
semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pengobatan penyakit ini memerlukan
jangka waktu lama dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, oleh karena itu banyak
penderita berusaha mengendalikan kadar glukosa darahnya menggunakan bahan
alam seperti daun nipah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui
karakteristik simplisia daun nipah dan efek ekstrak etanol daun nipah terhadap
penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi aloksan.
Tahapan penelitian yaitu identifikasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan dan
pengolahan bahan, pembuatan simplisia, skrining fitokimia, karakterisasi
simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskopik, penetapan kadar
air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan
kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam, pembuatan ekstrak
dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%, dan uji efek
antihiperglikemia menggunakan mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan dosis 175
mg/kg bb secara intraperitoneal. Mencit diabetes dikelompokkan dalam lima
kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit.
Kelompok I diberi suspensi CMC 0,5% b/v; kelompok II, III, dan IV diberikan
ekstrak etanol daun nipah dengan dosis 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bb; dan kelompok V
diberi metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb per oral selama 15 hari berturut-turut.
Selanjutnya, pengukuran kadar glukosa darah diamati dan diukur dengan
Glukometer pada hari ke-3, 6, 9, 12 dan hari ke-15. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis
dengan analisis variansi (ANAVA) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Tukey untuk
melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia menunjukkan di dalamnya terdapat
saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Hasil karakteristik simplisia daun nipah
diketahui kadar air 7,91%; kadar sari larut dalam air 16,48%; kadar sari larut
dalam etanol 13,28%; kadar abu total 5,77%; dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam
asam 2,83%. Hasil analisis pemberian ekstrak etanol daun nipah menunjukkan
efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang bermakna dibandingkan
kelompok kontrol CMC 0,5%. Penurunan kadar glukosa darahyang paling baik
pada hari ke-15 ditunjukkan kelompok dosis 100 mg/kg bb dengan persen
penurunan 70,9000; dosis 200 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 68,8640; dan
dosis 300 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 42,3040. Hasil uji statistik (α =
0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun nipah dosis 100 mg/kg bb dan
dosis 200 mg/kg bb tidak berbeda nyata dengan metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb.
Kata Kunci: Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), diabetes mellitus, kadar
glukosa darah, aloksan
vi
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NIPAH LEAF (Nypa
fruticans Wurmb.) TO DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF
MICE INDUCED ALOXAN
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the disease which the prevalence
increase from year to year. Treatment of this disease a require long period of time
and relatively expensive, therefore many people try to control their blood glucose
levels using natural ingredients eg nipah leaf. The aims of this study were to
determine the characteristics of nipah leaves simplex and to evaluate the effect of
ethanol extract of nipah leaves in decreasing blood glucose levels in mice induced
aloxan.
Steps of this research are identification of plant material, collection and
processing of materials, manufacture of the simplex, phytochemistry screening of
simplex, the simplex characterization includes macroscopic and microscopic
examination, determination of water content, the assay of the water soluble
extract, the ethanol soluble extract, the determination of total ash and
determination of acid insoluble ash content, manufacture of extract using
maseration method with 70% ethanol, and the measurement of mice’s blood sugar
levels. Male mice were induced aloxan dose 175 mg / kg bw by intraperitoneal.
Diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups, and each 5 miceper group.
Group I was given CMC 0.5% b/v; group II, III, and IV were given ethanol
extract of nipah leaf with a dose of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bw; group V was given
metformin dose 65 mg/kg bw by orally for 15 consecutive days. Furthermore, the
measurement of blood glucose level was observed with Glucometer on day 3, 6, 9,
12 and day 15. Test result data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANAVA)
followed by Tukey's method to see the difference among the treatments.
The result of phytochemical screening showed that the simplex contain
saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and glycosides. The results of the characterization of
simplicia showed moisture content of 7.91%; water-soluble extract concentration
of 16.48%; ethanol soluble extract concentration of 13.28%; total ash content of
5.77%; and insoluble ash content in acid of 2.83%.The results of analysis showed
that administration of ethanol extract of nipah leaves decreased blood glucose
levels significantly compound to CMC 0.5% control group. The average blood
glucose levels on day 15 for 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 300 mg/kg bw
were 70.9000, 68.8640, and 42.3040 respectively. The results of statistical tests (α
= 0.05) showed that ethanol extract of nipah leaves of 100 mg/kg bw and 200
mg/kg bw were not significantly different with metformin of 65 mg/kg bw dosage
form.
Keywords: Nipah leaf (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), diabetes mellitus, blood glucose
levels, aloxan
vii