Pengaruh Merokok Terhadap Konversi Sputum Pada Penderita Tb Paru Kategori I Di Kota Medan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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International. 2015.
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paksa detik pertama (VEP1) dan kapasitas vital paksa (KVP) antara lakilaki perokok dan bukan perokok di Fakultas kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2013;6(2):200-205.
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of sputum smears conversion and outcome and risk factors of tuberculosis
patients in Central Iran. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment. 2015.
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performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. J Clin Microbiol.
2010;48(7):2495-2501.
Boehme C. Study protocol-Xpert TM MTB/RIF demonstration-feasibility, impact
and cost-efficiency of decentralizing molecular testing for detection of
tuberculosis and rifampicin rsistance using XperTM MTB/RIF. FIND, 2009.
Clinical Practice Guidline in the SNHS. Clinical practice guidline on the
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis. Ministry of Science
and Innovation Spain. 2010:31-40.
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pengendalian TB di Indonesia 2010-2014. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia. 2011.
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Petunjuk teknis tata laksana klinis ko-infeksi TB-HIV. Kementerian
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teknis manajemen terpadu pengendalian tuberkulosis resistan obat.
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and Operational Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
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pulmonary T-cell response to influenza virus and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 2011;79:220-237.
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tuberculosis patients in Taiwan: a prospective observational study. Clin
Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:331-337.
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JC, Reddy K, Friedland JS, Moore DA. Prolonged infectiousness of
tuberculosis patients in a directly observed therapy short-course program
with standardized therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 51:371–378.
Friedrich SO, Rachow A, Saathoff E, et al. Assessment of the sensitivity and
specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay as an early sputum biomarker of
response to tuberculosis treatment. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1(6):462-470.
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populations of Australia, New Zealand,Canada, and the United States:
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2011;8: 388-410.
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tuberculosis treatment: an assessment of the Rwadan control program.
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Kigozi NG, Chikobvu P, Heunis JC, Merwe S. A retrospective analysis of twomonths sputum smear non conversion in new sputum smear positive
tuberculosis patients in the Free State Province, South Africa. Journal of
Public Health in Africa. 2014;5(324):68-72.
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different type of tuberculosis. European Review for Medical and
Pharmacological Sciences. 2010;14: 831-843.
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between tuberculosis incidence and body mass index. International
Journal of Epidemiology. 2010;39:149-155.
Nainggolan HRN. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gagal Konversi Pasien TB
Paru Kategori I Pada Akhir Pengobatan Fase Intensif Di Kota Medan.
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2012;59:125-129.
Kurniati I. Angka konversi penderita tuberkulosis paru yang diobati dengan obat
antituberkuloisi (OAT) paket kategori satu di BP4 Garut. MKN.
2010;42(1);32-36.
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Kwange SO dan Budambula NLM. Effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis treatment
among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at Vihiga
Distirict Hospital in 2007. Indian Journal of Medical Mycrobiology.
2010;28(1):22-25.
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Med. 2010;170:287-92.
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Marin U & Hasibuan P. Prevalens TB laten pada petugas kesehatan di RSUP H.
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Metanat M, Sharifi-Mood B, Parsi M, Sanei-Moghaddam S. Effect of cigarette
smoking on sputum smear conversion time among adult new pulmonary
tuberculosis patients: A study from Iran Southeast. Iranian Journal of
Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010;5(1):14-17.
Minh NN, Van Bac N, Son NT et al. Molecular characteristics of rifampin-and
isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in
Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50(3).
Mota PC, Carvalho A, Valente I, Braga, Duarte R. Predictors of delayed sputum
smear and culture conversion among a Portuguese population with
pulmonary tuberculosis. Rev Port Pneumol. 2012;18(2):72-79.
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tuberculosis therapy is associated with delayed sputum conversion among
pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. PloS One.
2014;9(3).
Nijenbandring de Boer R, Filho JB, Cobelens F, Ramalho DP et al Delayed
culture conversion due to cigarette smoking in active pulmonary
tuberculosis patients. Tuberculosis. 2014:87-91.
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Pulmonary Medicine. 2013.
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inap paru RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode waktu Januari hingga Maret
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Ajagbe OB, Kabair Z, O’Connor T. Survival analysis of adult tuberculosis
disease. Plos One. 2014;9(11).
American Lung Association. Tuberculosis. American Lung Association State of
Lung Disease in Diverse Communities. 2010:101.
Babalik A, Kiziltas S, Arda H, Oruc K, Celintas G, Calisir HC. Factors affecting
smear converson in tuberculosis management. Medicine Science.
2012;1(4):351-362.
Babamahmoodi F, Alikhani A, Charati JY. Clinical epidemiologi and paraclinical
findings in tuberculosis patients in North Iran. BioMed Research
International. 2015.
Basuki SW, Atmaji ASN, Hartono D, Widyatmoko S. Perbedaan volume ekspirasi
paksa detik pertama (VEP1) dan kapasitas vital paksa (KVP) antara lakilaki perokok dan bukan perokok di Fakultas kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2013;6(2):200-205.
Behnaz F, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohammadzade G. Five-year assessment of time
of sputum smears conversion and outcome and risk factors of tuberculosis
patients in Central Iran. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment. 2015.
Blakemore R, Story E, Helb D, Kop J, et al. Evaluation of the analytical
performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. J Clin Microbiol.
2010;48(7):2495-2501.
Boehme C. Study protocol-Xpert TM MTB/RIF demonstration-feasibility, impact
and cost-efficiency of decentralizing molecular testing for detection of
tuberculosis and rifampicin rsistance using XperTM MTB/RIF. FIND, 2009.
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diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis. Ministry of Science
and Innovation Spain. 2010:31-40.
55
56
Da Silva PEA, Palomino JC. Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: classical and new drugs. Antimicrob
Chemother. 2011;66:1417–1430.
Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Strategi nasional
pengendalian TB di Indonesia 2010-2014. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia. 2011.
Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (Ditjen PP & PL).
Petunjuk teknis tata laksana klinis ko-infeksi TB-HIV. Kementerian
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2012:4-7.
Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Petunjuk
teknis manajemen terpadu pengendalian tuberkulosis resistan obat.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2013:1-70.
Enarson DA, Harries AD. Historical background and global epidemiology of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance. Dalam: Guidelines for Clinical
and Operational Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2013:7-12.
Feng JY, Kong Y, Barnes PF et al. Exposure to cigarette smoke inhibits the
pulmonary T-cell response to influenza virus and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 2011;79:220-237.
Feng JY, Huang SF, Ting WY et al. Gender differences in treatment outcomes of
tuberculosis patients in Taiwan: a prospective observational study. Clin
Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:331-337.
Fitzwater SP, Caviedes L, Gilman RH, Coronel J, LaChira D, Salazar C, Saravia
JC, Reddy K, Friedland JS, Moore DA. Prolonged infectiousness of
tuberculosis patients in a directly observed therapy short-course program
with standardized therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 51:371–378.
Friedrich SO, Rachow A, Saathoff E, et al. Assessment of the sensitivity and
specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay as an early sputum biomarker of
response to tuberculosis treatment. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1(6):462-470.
Giacomo M, Davidson PM, Penelope A et al. Smoking cessationin indigenous
populations of Australia, New Zealand,Canada, and the United States:
Elements of effective interventions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.
2011;8: 388-410.
Hanafi AR, Prasenohadi. Mekanisme dan diagnosis multidrug resistant
tuberculosis.
PPTI,
2010.
Available
at:
www.ppti.info/2010/07/mekanisme-dan-diagnosis-multidrug.html.
Accessed: September 17, 2014.
57
Harahap MA. Hubungan karakteristik perokok kadar CO dalam rumah dan
perilaku merokok dengan kadar karboksihaemoglobin (HbCO) pada
perokok aktif di lingkungan kelurahan Wek V Kota Padang Sidempuan.
Tesis.
2013.
Available
at:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/38404/3/Chapter%20II.pdf
. Accesed: 15 Agustus 2014.
Kayigamba FR, Bakker MI, Mugisha V, Gasana V, Schim van der Loeff MF.
Sputum completion and conversion rates after intensive phase of
tuberculosis treatment: an assessment of the Rwadan control program.
BMC Research Notes. 2012;5(357).
Kigozi NG, Chikobvu P, Heunis JC, Merwe S. A retrospective analysis of twomonths sputum smear non conversion in new sputum smear positive
tuberculosis patients in the Free State Province, South Africa. Journal of
Public Health in Africa. 2014;5(324):68-72.
Kumar SV, Deka MK, Bagga M, Kala MS, Gauthaman K. A systematic review of
different type of tuberculosis. European Review for Medical and
Pharmacological Sciences. 2010;14: 831-843.
Lonroth K, William BG, Cegielski P, Dye C. A consistent log-linier relationship
between tuberculosis incidence and body mass index. International
Journal of Epidemiology. 2010;39:149-155.
Nainggolan HRN. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gagal Konversi Pasien TB
Paru Kategori I Pada Akhir Pengobatan Fase Intensif Di Kota Medan.
Tesis.
2013.
Available
at:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/37972/4/Chapter%20II.pdf
. Accesed: 2 September 2014.
Knechel NA. Tuberculosis: pathophysiologi, clinical features, and diagnosis.
Critical Care Nurse. 2009;29(2).
Kumar R, Prakasah S, Kuswash AS, Vijayan VK. Breath carbon monocide
concentration in cigarette and Bidi smokers in India. Indian J Dis Allied
Sci. 2010;52:19-24.
Kumar R dan Behera D. Smoking and Tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc.
2012;59:125-129.
Kurniati I. Angka konversi penderita tuberkulosis paru yang diobati dengan obat
antituberkuloisi (OAT) paket kategori satu di BP4 Garut. MKN.
2010;42(1);32-36.
58
Kwange SO dan Budambula NLM. Effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis treatment
among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at Vihiga
Distirict Hospital in 2007. Indian Journal of Medical Mycrobiology.
2010;28(1):22-25.
Leung CC, Lam TH, Ho KS et al. Passive smoking and tuberculosis. Arch Intern
Med. 2010;170:287-92.
Luthfi A, Putro SG. Tuberkulosis Nosokomial. Jurnal Tuberkulosis Indonesia.
8:30-34.
Maingi D, Mutugi M, Wanzala P, Mutai J, Mwaniki P. Determinants of persistent
sputum smear positivity after intensive phase chemotherapy among
patients withtuberculosis at Rhodes Chest Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya. Health.
2014;6:2026-2034.
Marin U & Hasibuan P. Prevalens TB laten pada petugas kesehatan di RSUP H.
Adam Malik Medan. J. Respir Indo. 2010;30(2):112-117.
Metanat M, Sharifi-Mood B, Parsi M, Sanei-Moghaddam S. Effect of cigarette
smoking on sputum smear conversion time among adult new pulmonary
tuberculosis patients: A study from Iran Southeast. Iranian Journal of
Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010;5(1):14-17.
Minh NN, Van Bac N, Son NT et al. Molecular characteristics of rifampin-and
isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in
Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50(3).
Mota PC, Carvalho A, Valente I, Braga, Duarte R. Predictors of delayed sputum
smear and culture conversion among a Portuguese population with
pulmonary tuberculosis. Rev Port Pneumol. 2012;18(2):72-79.
Nagu TJ, Spiegelmen D, Hertzmark E et al. Anemia at the initiation of
tuberculosis therapy is associated with delayed sputum conversion among
pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. PloS One.
2014;9(3).
Nijenbandring de Boer R, Filho JB, Cobelens F, Ramalho DP et al Delayed
culture conversion due to cigarette smoking in active pulmonary
tuberculosis patients. Tuberculosis. 2014:87-91.
Narasimhan P, Wood J, MacIntyre CR, Mathai D. Risk factors for tuberculosis.
Pulmonary Medicine. 2013.
59
Nayasista, Hayu A. Prevalensi penyakit TB paru riwayat merokok di ruang rawat
inap paru RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode waktu Januari hingga Maret
2010.
Available
at:
http://alumni.unair.ac.id/kumpulanfile/44585815744_abs.pdf. Accesed: 28
November 2014.
Novizar D, Nawas A, Burhan E. Identifikasi faktor risiko tuberkulosis multidrug
resistant (TB MDR). Maj Kedokt Indon. 2012;60(20):537-544.
Novotny TE, Lum K, Wang V, Barnes R. Filtered cigarettes and the case for
environment policy on cigarette waste. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.
2009;6.
Oktia TS, Salam A, Arundina A. Gambaran Tingkat Kepositifan BTA, Angka
Konversi,Dan Hasil Pengobatan Pada Pasien TB Paru Kategori I Di UP4
Kalimantan
Barat.
2014.
Available
at:
jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jfk/article/.../4571/4662. 2014. Accesed: 10
Desember 2014.
Parson LM, Somoskovi A, Gutierrez C et al. Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
in resource-poor countries: challenges and opportunities. Clin. Microbiol.
Rev. 2011;24(2):314-350.
Patel DM, Patel SD, Jaiswal P, Brahmbhatt KJ. Drug resistant Mycobacterium
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