Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya Linn.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi Aloksan

UJI EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya Linn.)
TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH
TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR
YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya penderita diabetes mellitus dari tahun ke tahun memerlukan
usaha untuk mengatasinya. Penggunaan obat tradisional menjadi alternatif
mengingat obat-obat sintetik memiliki berbagai efek samping. World Health
Organization juga merekomendasikan pentingnya pengobatan tradisional yang
berasal dari tanaman obat. Salah satu tanaman obat yang dapat digunakan adalah
daun pepaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik
simplisia daun pepaya dan efek ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (EEDP) terhadap
penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi aloksan.
Penelitian ini meliputi penyiapan sampel (pengumpulan sampel,
identifikasi sampel, pengolahan sampel), pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia,
skrining fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak, pemeriksaan aktivitas penurunan kadar
glukosa darah pada tikus dengan metode uji toleransi glukosa dan induksi aloksan.
Pada uji toleransi glukosa, 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dibagi
menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif natrium carboxyl methyl
cellulose (Na-CMC) 0,5% b/v, kelompok uji EEDP dosis 200, 400, 600 mg/kg bb,
dan kelompok kontrol positif glibenklamid dosis 0,45 mg/kg bb. Pengukuran

kadar glukosa darah tikus dilakukan pada menit ke-30, 60, 90 dan 120.
Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan tikus yang diinduksi aloksan dosis
150 mg/kg bb secara intraperitonial. Tikus diabetes dibagi dalam kelompok
kontrol negatif Na-CMC 0,5% b/v, kelompok uji EEDP dosis 200, 400, 600
mg/kg bb, dan kelompok kontrol positif metformin dosis 45 mg/kg bb. Setiap
kelompok diberi Na-CMC 0,5% b/v, EEDP dan metformin secara per oral satu
kali sehari selama 15 hari dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah pada
hari ke-3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 dan hari ke-15. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis
menggunakan SPSS versi 19.0 dengan metode one way ANOVA kemudian
dilanjutkan dengan metode Tukey HSD untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Hasil analisis one way ANOVA uji Tukey HSD menunjukkan bahwa
pemberian EEDP dosis 200, 400, 600 mg/kg bb mempunyai efek yang berbeda
secara signifikandibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif, p = 0,000
dan tidak memberikan perbedaan signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok
metformin dosis 45 mg/kg bb, p = 0,951; p = 0,531; p = 0,714.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEDP dosis 200,
400, 600 mg/kg bb dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi
aloksan.
Kata kunci : daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.), kadar glukosa darah, aloksan,
diabetes melitus, uji toleransi glukosa.

vii

THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PAPAYA LEAF
(Carica papaya Linn.) TO DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED WHITE MALE WISTAR RATS
ABSTRACT
Increasing of patients with diabetes mellitus from year to year requires
efforts to overcome it. The use of traditional medicine becomes an alternative
considering synthetic drugs have various of side effects. World Health
Organization also recommends the importance of traditional medicine derived
from medicinal plants, one of them is papaya leaf. The purpose of this study
was to determine the characteristics of papaya leaf simplicia and effects
of the ethanolic extract of papaya leaf (EEPL) to decrease blood glucose levels of
alloxan-induced rats.
This study included sample preparation (sampling, sample identification
sample processing), characterization of simplicia, phytochemical screening
of simplicia, production of extract, the measurement of decreasing blood glucose
levels using the glucose tolerance test and induction of alloxan. On the glucose
tolerance test, 25 white male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups,

each group was used for natrium carboxyl methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) 0.5% w/v
as the negative control group, EEPL with doses of 200, 400, 600 mg/kg body
weight as the test group, and glibenclamide dose 0.45 mg/kg body weight as
the positive control group. Measurement of blood glucose levels of rats was
conducted at minute 30, 60, 90 and 120. The research was continued using rats
induced by alloxan with dose 150 mg /kg body weight administrated
intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were divided into Na-CMC 0.5% w/v as
the negative control group, EEPL with doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight
as the test group, and metformin dose 45 mg/kg body weight as the positive
control group. Each group was given Na-CMC 0,5%, EEPL and metformin orally
once a day for 15 days and measurement of blood glucose levels was conducted
on day 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and day 15. The obtained data were analyzed by using
SPSS version 19.0. with one way ANOVA method followed by Tukey HSD
method to determine the difference among the treatments.
The study showed that EEPL doses of 200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight
had significantly different effect on decreasing blood glucose levels compared
with the negative control group, p = 0,000 and did not give the significant
difference compared with metformin dose of 45 mg/kg body weight, p = 0,951;
p = 0,531; p = 0,714.
It can be concluded that the EEPL doses of 200, 400, 600 mg/kg body

weight can decrease the blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced rats.
Keywords: papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.), blood glucose level, alloxan, diabetes
mellitus, glucose tolerance test.

viii