Hubungan perilaku diet anak dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) pada anak usia 37-71 bulan di Kecamatan Medan barat

  Kepada Yth Ibu....... Di tempat Perkenalkan nama saya adalah Dharamjit Singh A/L Hambar Shingh. Saya adalah mahasiswa yang sedang menjalani pendidikan dokter gigi di Fakultas

Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Bersama ini saya mohon kesediaan

Bapak/Ibu untuk mengizinkan anak Bapak/Ibu berpartisipasi sebagai subjek

penelitian saya yang berjudul: “Hubungan Perilaku Diet Anak dengan Early

Childhood Caries (ECC) pada Anak Usia 37- 71 Bulan di Kecamatan Medan Barat”

  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku diet dengan terjadinya Early Childhood Caries (ECC) pada anak usia 37-71 bulan.

  Perlu Bapak/Ibu ketahui bahwa Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan

gambaran kondisi karies atau gigi berlubang pada anak-anak usia kurang dari 71

bulan. Kondisi diatas terkait dengan perilaku diet yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya ECC.

  Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi pada anak untuk

melihat ada atau tidaknya gigi berlubang dengan menggunakan alat berupa kaca

mulut dan sonde. Pemeriksaan ini tidak dilakukan jika anak telah diperiksa pada penelitian sebelumnya. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan pembagian lembar catatan perilaku diet anak, mencakup jenis makanan/minuman yang dikonsumsi, waktu, durasi, dan cara mengkonsumsi minuman yang dicatat selama 7 hari. Lembar catatan ini diisi oleh Bapak/Ibu dengan sebenar-benarnya dan penelitian ini akan menjaga kerahsiaan subjek.

  Proses penelitian memerlukan kerjasama yang baik dari Bapak/Ibu untuk melakukan pencatatan perilaku diet anak selama 7 hari pada lembar yang akan disediakan.

  Keuntungan menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah: Memperoleh

informasi mengenai kondisi rongga mulut anak. Mengetahui risiko Early Childhood

Caries (ECC) yang disebabkan oleh perilaku diet anak sehingga diharapkan orang tua

  dapat melakukan pencegahan ECC pada anak. Penelitian ini tidak berbahaya dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping.

  Jika Bapak/Ibu bersedia, Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Subjek Penelitian terlampir harap ditandatangani dengan sadar dan tanpa paksaan dan dikembalikan kepada peneliti. Perlu diketahui bahwa surat kesediaan tersebut tidak mengikat dan Bapak/Ibu dapat mengundurkan diri dari penelitian ini selama penelitian berlangsung. Demikian, mudah-mudahan keterangan saya diatas dapat dimengerti dan atas kesediaan anak Bapak/Ibu berpartisipasi dalam penelitian kami ucapkan terima kasih.

  Medan, Februari 2013 Dharamjit Singh A/L Hambar Shingh Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara Telp : 083197980907

  

LEMBARAN PERSETUJUAN SETELAH PENJELASAN

(INFORMED CONSENT)

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : .................................................................................................................

  Alamat: ................................................................................................................. No. Telpon/HP: .................................................................................................... Orang Tua dari Ananda Nama :............................................................................

  

Setelah mendapat penjelasan mengenai penelitian, risiko, keuntungan, dan hak-hak

saya/ anak saya sebagai subjek penelitian yang berjudul : “Hubungan Perilaku Diet

dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) pada Anak Usia 37-71 Bulan di Kecamatan

Medan Barat”, secara sadar dan tanpa paksaan, saya beserta anak saya bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini yang diketahui oleh Dharamjit Singh A/L Hambar Shingh sebagai mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara, dengan catatan apabila suatu ketika saya merasa dirugikan dalam bentuk apapun berhak membatalkan persetujuan ini.

  Medan,..................................

Yang menyetujui,

Orang Tua Subjek Penelitian

  (.............................................)

  (Halaman Pertama: Judul depan buku)

  (Halaman Kedua) lembar pencacatan diet anak (diisi oleh orang tua)

Hubungan Perilaku Diet Anak dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC) pada

Anak Usia 37

• – 71 Bulan

  Nama anak : Jenis Kelamin : Umur : Sekolah : Nama orang tua : Alamat : No Hp/telepon orang tua : NB : Catatlah seluruh makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi oleh anak Bapak/Ibu selama 7 hari secara detail di dalam tabel di halaman kosong yang telah disediakan.

CONTOH CARA MENGISI LEMBAR DIET ANAK

  Waktu dan Lamanya Konsumsi (durasi) Jenis Makanan / Minuman Banyaknya / Jumlah Bentuk / Sediaan Cara Konsumsi Penambahan Pemanis Dengan Botol Dengan Gelas Ya Tidak

  Cair Padat Padat Padat Cair Cair Padat Padat Padat Cair Cair Cair Padat Padat Padat Cair

  Susu Nasi putih Bayam Ikan goreng Teh Manis Fanta Kue tart Nasi putih Ayam goreng Jus jeruk Bubur kacang hijau Susu Nasi putih Telur Dadar Kangkung Susu 1 botol

  06.00

  (Halaman Ketiga)

  Lembar Pencatatan Diet : Hari ke : 1 Tanggal : 20 september 2012

• – 06.15

• – 09.15
• – 10.25
• – 12.45

• – 13.05
• – 16.30 17.00 – 17.20
• – 18.45 19.30 – 19.45

  √ √ √

  √ √

• – 07.00

  √ √

  √ √ √ √

  1 piring 3 sendok 1 ekor 1 gelas 1 botol 2 potong 1 piring 1 potong 1 gelas 1 mangkuk 1 botol 1 piring 1 butir 3 sendok 1 botol

• – 07.35

  18.00

  06.20

  16.00

  12.45

  12.00

  09.00

  07.30

  10.15

  (Halaman Keempat)

LEMBAR DIET ANAK

  Hari Ke : Tanggal :

  Waktu dan Jenis Banyaknya Bentuk / Cara Konsumsi Penambahan

Lamanya Makanan / / Jumlah Sediaan Pemanis

Konsumsi Minuman

  Dengan Dengan Ya Tidak (durasi) Botol Gelas Nb : Beri tanda (√) pada kolom ‘cara mengkonsumsi minuman’ sesuai yang dilakukan oleh anak Bapak/ Ibu.

   No.

LEMBAR PENILAIAN PERILAKU DIET ANAK HUBUNGAN PERILAKU DIET DENGAN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) PADA ANAK USIA 37-71 BULAN DI KECAMATAN .........

  Tanggal pemeriksaan : Nama anak : Jenis Kelamin : 1. Laki-laki 2. Perempuan (A) A. Tanggal lahir : ................... Usia........(Bulan) (B) B. Anak ke : .....(C) dari.....(D) bersaudara (urutan kelahiran) C. Nama orang tua : D. Alamat rumah : No. Telepon/HP : A. Penilaian perilaku diet pola makan utama

  33. Frekuensi makan utama 33.

  Hari ke 1 : ......kali Hari ke 2 : ......kali Hari ke 3 : ......kali Hari ke 4 : ......kali Hari ke 5 : ......kali Hari ke 6 : ......kali Hari ke 7 : ......kali Jumlah : ......kali/ 7 =.........

  1-3 kali/hari (3) >3 kali/hari (1)

  34. Durasi makan utama (diambil dari modus data) 34.

  1 - 20 menit (3)

  21

• – 30 menit (2) > 30 menit (1)

  35. Jumlah skor pola makan utama 35.

  36. Kriteria perilaku diet pola makan utama: 36.

  a. baik : 5-6

  b. sedang : 4

  c. buruk : ≤ 3

  37. Frekuensi makan selingan 37.

  0-1 kali/hari (3) 2-3 kali/hari (2) 4-7 kali/hari (1)

  38. Durasi makan selingan (diambil dari modus data) 38.

  1 - 20 menit (3)

  21

• – 30 menit (2) > 30 menit (1) 39. Jenis makan selingan (keteraturan dalam seminggu) 39. Mengonsumsi 0-1 hari /minggu (3) Mengonsumsi 2-3 hari /minggu (2) Mengonsumsi ≥4 hari /minggu

  (1)

  40. Bentuk makanan selingan 40. (diambil dari modus data) Padat (3)

  Cair (2) Lengket/sticky (1)

  41. Jumlah skor pola makan selingan 41.

  42. Kriteria perilaku diet pola makan selingan 42.

  a. baik : 10-12

  b. sedang : 8-9

  c. buruk : ≤ 7

  43. Frekuensi minum minuman manis (selain susu) 43. 0-1 kali/hari (3) 2-3 kali/hari (2)

  (1) ≥4 kali/hari

  44. Durasi minum minuman manis (selain susu) 44.

  1 - 20 menit (3)

  21 (2)

• – 30 menit > 30 menit (1)

  45. Minuman manis dengan botol pada malam hari 45. (sebelum dan sewaktu tidur) Tidak

  (3) 1-3 hari/minggu (2) (1) ≥4 hari/minggu

  46. Jumlah skor pola minum minuman manis (selain susu) 46.

  

47. Kriteria perilaku diet pola minum minuman manis (selain susu) 47.

  a. baik : 8-9

  b. sedang : 6-7

  c. buruk : ≤ 5

  48. Frekuensi minum susu 48. 0-2 kali/hari (3) 3-4 kali/hari (2)

  (1) ≥5 kali/hari

  49. Durasi minum minuman susu 49.

  1 - 20 menit (3)

  21 (2)

• – 30 menit > 30 menit (1)

  50. Minum susu dengan botol pada malam hari 50. (sebelum dan sewaktu tidur) Tidak

  (6) 1-3 hari/minggu (4) (2) ≥4 hari/minggu

  51. Jumlah skor pola minum susu 51.

  52. Kriteria perilaku pola minum susu 52.

  a. baik : 8-9

  b. sedang : 6-7

  c. buruk : ≤ 5 E. Penilaian pola diet anak (Jumlah skor pola makan utama, pola makan selingan, pola minum minuman manis (selain susu), dan pola minum susu)

  a. baik : 149-186

  b. sedang : 112-148

  c. buruk : ≤ 111

  Nama: Jenis Kelamin: No.

  55

  54

  53

  52

  51

  61

  62

  63

  64

  65

  85

  84

  83

  82

  81

  71

  72

  73

  74

  75 Kriteria penilaian: tuliskan dalam kotak kriteria dibawah ini

  d: karies atau adanya tambalan yang disertai karies

  e: gigi indikasi pencabutan

  f: adanya tambalan Penilaian: Ada ECC (ya) 28.

  (tidak)

ECC

  1) d : 29. 2) e : 30. 3) f : 31. 4) 32.

  ∑ def : JENIS MAKANAN KARIOGENIK Bubur manis, kolak, roti, biskuit, sereal, gorengan, kue basah, kue kering, pizza,

snack , permen, coklat, keripik, wafer, bakpao, gulali, kacang, sup buah, agar-agar,

bakpia, spagetti, pasta, martabak, eskrim, yoghurt.

  BENTUK MAKANAN SELINGAN Padat : nasi (nasi putih, nasi goreng, nasi rames), lontong, sosis, telur, bakso, mi, bakmi, agar

• – agar, seafood, daging, sup buah, gado – gado, pecal, bakpia, burger, spagetti, pasta, martabak, Cair : bubur (bubur ayam, bubur nasi), yoghurt, sup, es krim, soto. Lengket : roti kering, biskuit, sereal, gorengan, kue basah, kue kering, pizza, chiki, permen, coklat, keripik, kolak, wafer, bakpao, gulali, kacang,

  

JADWAL KEGIATAN PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI

Desember Januari Februari Maret April November 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 KEGIATAN

  1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

  4 Pengajuan Judul Pembuatan Proposal Penelitian Diskusi Pra - Proposal Seminar Proposal Perbaikan Proposal Pengajuan Surat Etik Diskusi Dan Persiapan Pra- Penelitian Penelitian Pengolahan Data Diskusi Hasil Pembuatan Laporan Penelitian Diskusi Dan Perbaikan Sidang Skripsi

  

No A B 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

27 2 46 3 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 147 B

28 1 45 0 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 3 8 a 136 B

56 2 63 10 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1 8 b 2 2 3 7 b 2 2 1 5 c 128 B

60 2 42 13 3 3 6 a 3 1 1 1 6 c 2 2 2 6 b 2 3 1 6 b 120 B

67 1 57 3 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 2 7 b 158 A

70 1 38 11 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 3 1 7 b 122 B

74 2 52 13 1 2 3 c 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 135 B

76 1 59 7 3 1 4 b 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 143 B

79 2 70 7 1 2 3 c 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 138 B

83 2 55 4 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 3 3 9 a 132 B

85 2 49 14 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 2 1 5 c 117 B

86 2 42 0 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 b 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 143 B

88 2 60 10 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 2 8 a 132 B

89 2 62 2 1 3 4 b 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 154 A

90 1 57 4 3 1 4 b 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 148 B

97 1 56 6 3 3 6 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 2 1 5 c 117 B

98 2 53 2 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 2 3 9 a 3 3 2 8 a 147 B

  

102 2 58 5 3 2 5 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 1 3 7 b 3 3 3 9 a 142 B

105 2 51 2 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 152 A

107 2 55 2 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 137 B

109 1 50 12 1 2 3 c 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 2 1 6 b 113 B

110 2 56 17 1 1 2 c 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 2 2 6 b 2 1 1 4 c 94 C

114 2 36 7 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 1 7 b 136 B

117 1 49 0 3 2 5 a 3 3 2 1 9 b 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 159 A

119 2 53 18 1 1 2 c 2 3 1 1 7 c 2 1 3 6 b 3 1 1 5 c 105 C

127 1 51 9 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 2 1 6 b 127 B

128 1 60 8 1 3 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 2 3 1 6 b 133 B

149 1 63 1 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 147 B

  152 2 48 5 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 2 3 8 a 3 2 2 7 b 131 B 156 1 39 1 1 1 2 c 2 3 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 3 1 6 b 120 B 161 1 71 7 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 142 B 162 2 68 13 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1

  8 b 2 2 3 7 b 2 2 1 5 c 128 B 163 2 60 11 3 3 6 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 1 1 5 c 136 B 164 1 63

  1 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 2 2 1 5 c 122 B 165 1 62 8 3 3 6 a 3 3 3 3 12 a 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 171 A 166 1 68 17 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1

  6 c 3 1 3 7 b 3 1 2 6 b 117 B 167 1 68 14 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 3 1 6 b 122 B 168 2 62

  8 3 3 6 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 151 A 169 2 67 14 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 1 3 7 b 128 B 170 1 70 16 1 2 3 c 1 1 1 1 4 c 2 1 3 6 b 3 2 3 8 a 106 C 171 1 71

  6 3 2 5 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 152 A 172 2 57 7 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 146 B 173 1 47 8 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 2 2 1 5 c 138 B 174 1 46 2 1 3 4 b 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 154 A 175 1 61 11 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1

  7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 2 7 b 142 B 176 2 66 5 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 152 A 177 1 62 9 3 2 5 a 3 2 2 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 143 B 178 1 60 14 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1

  6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 1 1 5 c 126 B 179 1 70 10 3 2 5 a 3 3 2 1 9 b 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 3 8 a 154 A 180 2 61

  4 3 2 5 a 3 3 3 3 12 a 3 3 2 8 a 2 2 1 5 c 157 A 181 2 71 8 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 2 2 1 5 c 132 B 182 2 51 6 1 2 3 c 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 2 3 8 a 2 2 1 5 c 113 B 183 1 69 20 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1

  6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 1 6 b 126 B 184 1 61 8 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 148 B 185 2 67 16 3 2 5 a 1 1 1 1

  4 c 3 1 3 7 b 3 1 2 6 b 109 C 186 2 58 13 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 2 3 7 b 3 3 3 9 a 138 B 187 1 55 15 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 1 2 6 b 127 B

  188 2 65 14 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 3 1 6 b 122 B 189 2 57 13 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 1 6 b 122 B 190 2 64 13 1 2 3 c 1 2 1 1 5 c 3 2 3 8 a 2 2 3 7 b 117 B 191 1 56 14 3 1 4 b 2 1 1 1 5 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 136 B 192 2 38 19 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 1 3 6 b 3 2 2 7 b 123 B 193 1 40 12 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 131 B 194 2 44

  8 1 2 3 c 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 139 B 195 1 50 8 3 3 6 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 151 A 196 2 59 1 3 3 6 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 1 1 5 c 136 B 197 1 54 3 3 1 4 b 3 2 2 1 8 b 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 149 A 198 2 53 13 3 1 4 a 2 1 1 1

  5 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 1 3 7 b 121 B 199 1 57 10 1 1 2 c 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 146 B 200 2 43

  5 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 158 A

201 2 45 3 2 5 a 3 3 3 3 12 a 3 3 3 9 a 3 1 1 5 c 162 A

202 1 39 3 3 6 a 3 3 3 3 12 a 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 171 A

203 2 39 10 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1

  6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 1 7 b 136 B 204 2 45 6 3 2 5 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 152 A 205 1 58 16 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1

  7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 147 B 206 2 51 11 1 1 2 c 2 3 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 3 1 6 b 120 B 207 1 57

  9 3 1 4 b 1 2 1 1 5 c 1 3 3 7 b 3 3 3 9 a 126 B 208 2 46 1 2 3 c 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 144 B 209 1 42 11 1 1 2 c 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 1 7 b 130 B 210 2 47 14 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 2 3 8 a 3 1 1 5 c 117 B 211 1 38

  5 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 1 3 7 b 3 1 1 5 c 112 B 212 1 45 7 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 1 7 b 136 B 213 1 49 5 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 131 B 214 2 56 8 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 1 6 b 127 B 215 2 52 13 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1

  7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 3 8 a 138 B 216 2 58 7 3 2 5 a 2 3 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 2 2 1 5 c 127 B

  217 2 58 11 1 1 2 c 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 1 6 b 114 B 218 1 50 11 1 1 2 c 3 1 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 2 3 1 6 b 119 B 219 2 55 17 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 1 2 1 4 c 3 1 3 7 b 111 C 220 1 57 10 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 137 B 221 1 54 10 3 2 5 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 2 3 8 a 3 2 2 7 b 137 B 222 1 59 14 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 2 3 8 a 3 1 2 6 b 122 B 223 2 49 10 3 1 4 b 3 1 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 1 3 1 5 c 122 B 224 2 57

  9 3 1 4 b 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 1 3 7 b 3 2 1 6 b 123 B 225 2 54 6 3 1 4 b 2 3 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 2 3 8 a 143 B 226 2 53 7 3 1 4 b 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 142 B 227 2 66 11 3 1 4 b 2 1 1 1

  5 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 1 3 7 b 121 B 228 2 60 12 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 2 3 8 a 132 B 229 1 68 17 3 1 4 b 2 1 1 1 5 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 1 2 6 b 116 B 230 1 39

  3 3 2 5 a 3 3 3 3 12 a 3 3 3 9 a 2 2 1 5 c 162 A 231 1 70 5 3 2 5 a 3 3 1 1 8 b 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 158 A 232 2 62 3 3 2 5 a 2 2 1 1 6 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 1 7 b 136 B 233 1 65 8 3 3 6 a 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 151 A 234 2 63 5 1 2 3 c 3 2 1 1 7 c 2 3 3 8 a 3 3 3 9 a 139 B 235 1 67 7 1 2 3 c 3 2 1 1 7 c 3 3 3 9 a 3 3 3 9 a 144 B T-TEST GROUPS=kelamin(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=deft /CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test Group Statistics

  jenis kelamin N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean pengalaman ECC laki-laki 49 8.43 5.021 .717 perempuan 56 8.66 4.981 .666

  Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence

  Interval of the Sig.

  Difference (2- Mean Std. Error F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

  Pengalaman Equal .156 .694 -.237 103 .813 -.232 .978 -2.172 1.707 ECC variances assumed

  Equal -.237 100.93 .813 .232 .978 -2.173 1.709 variances

  

9

  not assumed ONEWAY deft BY usia /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  37-47 bulan

  23 6.61 5.598 1.167

  4.19

  9.03

  19 48-59 bulan

  45 8.73 4.663 .695

  7.33

  10.13

  18 60-71 bulan

  37 9.54 4.729 .777

  7.96

  11.12

  1

  20 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .946 2 102 .392

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 124.494 2 62.247 2.590 .080 Within Groups 2451.467 102 24.034 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval Mean Difference

  (I) usia anak (J) usia anak (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound 37-47 bulan 48-59 bulan -2.125 1.257 .214 -5.11 .86

  60-71 bulan -2.932 1.302 .067 -6.03 .16 48-59 bulan 37-47 bulan 2.125 1.257 .214 -.86

  5.11 60-71 bulan -.807 1.088 .739 -3.39

  1.78 60-71 bulan 37-47 bulan 2.932 1.302 .067 -.16

  6.03 48-59 bulan .807 1.088 .739 -1.78

  3.39 Homogeneous Subsets

  pengalaman ECC a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 usia anak N

  1

  2 37-47 bulan

  23

  6.61 48-59 bulan

  45

  8.73

  8.73 60-71 bulan

  37

  9.54 Sig. .194 .786 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 32.353.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. T-TEST GROUPS=frekuensimakanutama(3 1) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=deft /CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test Group Statistics

  frekuensi makan utama N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean pengalaman ECC 1-3 kali/hari

  84 8.44 4.959 .541 >4 kali/hari

  21 9.00 5.148 1.123

  Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence

  Interval of the Sig.

  Difference (2- Mean Std. Error

F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

  Pengalaman Equal .022 .884 -.459 103 .647 .560 1.219 -2.977 1.858 ECC variances assumed

  Equal -.459 29.966 .647 .560 1.247 -3.106 1.987 variances not assumed ONEWAY deft BY durasimakanutama /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for

  Mean N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >30 menit

  42 10.43 4.748 .733

  8.95

  11.91

  19 21-30 menit

  51 7.55 4.904 .687

  6.17

  8.93

  20 1-20 menit

  12 6.25 4.115 1.188

  3.64

  8.86

  13 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .225 2 102 .799

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 262.799 2 131.399 5.794 .004 Within Groups 2313.163 102 22.678 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval (I) Durasi (J) Durasi Mean Difference makan utama makan utama (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

• >30 menit 21-30 menit 2.880 .992 .013 .52

  5.24

• 1-20 menit 4.179 1.559 .023 .47

  7.89

• 21-30 menit >30 menit -2.880 .992 .013 -5.24 -.52

  1-20 menit 1.299 1.528 .673 -2.33

  4.93

• 1-20 menit >30 menit -4.179 1.559 .023 -7.89 -.47

  21-30 menit -1.299 1.528 .673 -4.93

  2.33 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05

  Durasi makan utama N

  1

  2 1-20 menit

  12

  6.25 21-30 menit

  51

  7.55

  7.55 >30 menit

  42

  10.43 Sig. .617 .099 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 23.669.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY polamakanutama /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for

  Mean Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum buruk

  18 9.83 4.962 1.169

  7.37

  12.30

  18 sedang 36 9.64 4.935 .822

  7.97

  11.31

  19 baik 51 7.33 4.811 .674

  5.98

  8.69

  20 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .097 2 102 .907

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 147.823 2 73.912 3.105 .049 Within Groups 2428.139 102 23.805 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD (I) pola (J) pola

  95% Confidence Interval makan makan Mean Difference utama utama (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound buruk sedang .194 1.408 .990 -3.16

  3.54 baik 2.500 1.338 .153 -.68 5.68 sedang buruk -.194 1.408 .990 -3.54 3.16 baik 2.306 1.062 .081 -.22 4.83 baik buruk -2.500 1.338 .153 -5.68 .68 sedang -2.306 1.062 .081 -4.83 .22

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 pola makan utama N

  1 baik

  51

  7.33 sedang

  36

  9.64 buruk

  18

  9.83 Sig. .129 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 29.143.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY frekuensimakanselingan /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for

  Mean N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >4 kali/hari

  4 13.50 3.317 1.658

  8.22

  18.78

  9

  16 2-3 kali/hari

  53 9.34 5.019 .689

  7.96

  10.72

  20 0-1 kali/hari

  48 7.27 4.666 .674

  5.92

  8.63

  19 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  1.145 2 102 .322

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 209.596 2 104.798 4.517 .013 Within Groups 2366.366 102 23.200 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval (I) frekuensi (J) frekuensi Mean Difference makan selingan makan selingan (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound >4 kali/hari 2-3 kali/hari 4.160 2.498 .223 -1.78

  10.10

• 0-1 kali/hari 6.229 2.507 .038 .27

  12.19 2-3 kali/hari >4 kali/hari -4.160 2.498 .223 -10.10

  1.78 0-1 kali/hari 2.069 .960 .084 -.21

  4.35

• 0-1 kali/hari >4 kali/hari -6.229 2.507 .038 -12.19 -.27

  2-3 kali/hari -2.069 .960 .084 -4.35 .21 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD frekuensi Subset for alpha = 0.05 makan selingan N

  1

  2 0-1 kali/hari

  48

  7.27 2-3 kali/hari

  53

  9.34

  9.34 >4 kali/hari

  4

  13.50 Sig. .593 .126 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 10.355.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY durasimakanselingan /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

  Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >30 menit

  9 13.44 2.506 .835

  11.52

  15.37

  10

  17 21-30 menit

  67 8.93 4.875 .596

  7.74

  10.11

  20 1-20 menit

  29 6.17 4.505 .836

  4.46

  7.89

  18 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  2.044 2 102 .135

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 388.975 2 194.487 9.071 .000 Within Groups 2186.987 102 21.441 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval (I) durasi (J) durasi Mean Difference makan selingan makan selingan (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

• >30 menit 21-30 menit 4.519 1.644 .019 .61

  8.43

• 1-20 menit 7.272 1.767 .000

  3.07

  11.47

• 21-30 menit >30 menit -4.519 1.644 .019 -8.43 -.61
• 1-20 menit 2.753 1.029 .023 .30

  5.20

• 1-20 menit >30 menit -7.272 1.767 .000 -11.47 -3.07
• 21-30 menit -2.753 1.029 .023 -5.20 -.30 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 durasi makan selingan N

  1

  2 1-20 menit

  29

  6.17 21-30 menit

  67

  8.93 >30 menit

  9

  13.44 Sig. .169 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 18.689.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY Jenismakananselingan /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

  Std. Lower N Mean Deviation Std. Error Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >4 hari/minggu

  96 8.97 4.872 .497

  7.98

  9.96

  20 2-3 hari/minggu

  4 5.50 4.796 2.398 -2.13

  13.13

  10 0-1 hari/minggu

  5 3.00 3.317 1.483 -1.12

  7.12

  8 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .947 2 102 .391

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 208.056 2 104.028 4.481 .014 Within Groups 2367.906 102 23.215 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD (I) Jenis makanan selingan

  (J) Jenis makanan selingan Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.

  95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

  >4 hari/minggu 2-3 hari/minggu 3.469 2.459 .339 -2.38

  9.32 0-1 hari/minggu 5.969

• 2.210 .022 .71

  11.23 2-3 hari/minggu >4 hari/minggu -3.469 2.459 .339 -9.32

  2.38 0-1 hari/minggu 2.500 3.232 .720 -5.19

  10.19 0-1 hari/minggu >4 hari/minggu -5.969

• 2.210 .022 -11.23 -.71

  2-3 hari/minggu -2.500 3.232 .720 -10.19

  5.19 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  Jenis makanan selingan N Subset for alpha = 0.05

  1 0-1 hari/minggu

  5

  3.00 2-3 hari/minggu

  4

  5.50 >4 hari/minggu

  96

  8.97 Sig. .070 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.516.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD T-TEST GROUPS=Bentukmakananselingan(3 1) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=deft /CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test Group Statistics

  Bentuk makanan selingan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean pengalaman ECC padat

  5 3.00 3.317 1.483 lengket 100 8.83 4.893 .489

  Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of

  Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig.

  (2- tailed) Mean Difference

  Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

  Difference Lower Upper

  Pengalaman ECC

  Equal variances assumed

  1.792 .184 -2.628 103 .010 -5.830 2.219 -10.230 -1.430

• 3.733 4.916 .014 -5.830 1.562 -9.866 -1.794

  Equal variances not assumed ONEWAY deft BY polamakanselingan /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for

  Mean Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum buruk

  85 9.29 4.837 .525

  8.25

  10.34

  20 sedang 15 6.20 4.491 1.160

  3.71

  8.69

  13 baik 5 3.00 3.317 1.483 -1.12

  7.12

  8 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .968 2 102 .383

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 283.915 2 141.957 6.317 .003 Within Groups 2292.047 102 22.471 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD (I) pola (J) pola

  95% Confidence Interval makan makan Mean Difference selingan selingan (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound buruk sedang 3.094 1.328 .056 -.06

  6.25

• baik 6.294 2.181 .013

  1.11

  11.48 sedang buruk -3.094 1.328 .056 -6.25 .06 baik 3.200 2.448 .394 -2.62

  9.02

• baik buruk -6.294 2.181 .013 -11.48 -1.11 sedang -3.200 2.448 .394 -9.02

  2.62 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD pola Subset for alpha = 0.05 makan selingan N

  1

  2 baik

  5

  3.00 sedang

  15

  6.20

  6.20 buruk

  85

  9.29 Sig. .265 .288 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 10.775.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY frekuensiminummanis /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

  Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >4 kali/hari

  2 13.00 5.657 4.000 -37.82

  63.82

  9

  17 2-3 kali/hari

  39 10.41 5.220 .836

  8.72

  12.10

  20 0-1 kali/hari

  64 7.28 4.420 .553

  6.18

  8.39

  17 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  .451 2 102 .638

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 277.589 2 138.794 6.160 .003 Within Groups 2298.373 102 22.533 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval (I) frekuensi (J) frekuensi Mean Difference minum manis minum manis (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound >4 kali/hari 2-3 kali/hari 2.590 3.442 .733 -5.60

  10.78 0-1 kali/hari 5.719 3.409 .219 -2.39

  13.83 2-3 kali/hari >4 kali/hari -2.590 3.442 .733 -10.78

  5.60

• 0-1 kali/hari 3.129 .964 .004 .84

  5.42 0-1 kali/hari >4 kali/hari -5.719 3.409 .219 -13.83

  2.39

• 2-3 kali/hari -3.129 .964 .004 -5.42 -.84 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha

  = 0.05 frekuensi minum manis N

  1 0-1 kali/hari

  64

  7.28 2-3 kali/hari

  39

  10.41 >4 kali/hari

  2

  13.00 Sig. .116 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.543.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY durasiminummanis /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  

Descriptives

  pengalaman ECC 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

  >30 menit

  8 13.13 5.842 2.065

  8.24

  18.01

  5

  19 21-30 menit

  18 10.94 4.291 1.011

  8.81

  13.08

  2

  17 1-20 menit

  79 7.54 4.632 .521

  6.51

  8.58

  20 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  7.59

  9.52

  20 Test of Homogeneity of Variances pengalaman ECC Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  1.189 2 102 .309

  ANOVA

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 350.548 2 175.274 8.034 .001 Within Groups 2225.414 102 21.818 Total 2575.962 104

Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  pengalaman ECC Tukey HSD

  95% Confidence Interval (I) durasi (J) durasi Mean Difference minum manis minum manis (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound >30 menit 21-30 menit 2.181 1.985 .517 -2.54

  6.90

• 1-20 menit 5.581 1.733 .005

  1.46

  9.70 21-30 menit >30 menit -2.181 1.985 .517 -6.90

  2.54

• 1-20 menit 3.400 1.220 .017 .50

  6.30

• 1-20 menit >30 menit -5.581 1.733 .005 -9.70 -1.46
• 21-30 menit -3.400 1.220 .017 -6.30 -.50 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets pengalaman ECC

  a,,b

  Tukey HSD Subset for alpha = 0.05 durasi minum manis N

  1

  2 1-20 menit

  79

  7.54 21-30 menit

  18

  10.94

  10.94 >30 menit

  8

  13.13 Sig. .111 .398 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

  a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 15.527.

  b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. ONEWAY deft BY minummanispakebotolmalamhari /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY /MISSING ANALYSIS /POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

  20 Total 105 8.55 4.977 .486

  pengalaman ECC Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 97.355 2 48.677 2.003 .140 Within Groups 2478.607 102 24.300 Total 2575.962 104

  ANOVA

  a. Groups with only one case are ignored in computing the test of homogeneity of variance for pengalaman ECC.

  1 102 .591