DAFTAR PUSTAKA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr) LOKAL DAN FRAKSI- FRAKSINYA DENGAN METODE DPPH SERTA PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID TOTALNYA.
46
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abuin, E., Lissi, E., Ortiz, P., and Henriquez, C., 2002, Uric Acid Reaction with
DPPH Radicals at the Micellar Interface, Chile.
Ames, B. N., Gold, L. S., and Willet, W. C., 1995, The Causes and Prevention of
Cancer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 5258-5265.
Andayani, R., Lisawati, W., dan Maimunah, 2008, Penentuan Aktivitas
Antioksidan, Kadar Fenolat Total dan Licopen Pada Buah Tomat
(Solanum lycopersicum L), Jurnal Sains dan Tekhnologi Farmasi, 13 (1).
Anonim, 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi Keempat, Departemen Kesehatan
Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J., and Yusoff, I., 2010, Estimation of Antioxidant
Phytochemicals in Four Different Varities of Durian (Durio zibethinus
murray) Fruit, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 6 (5), 465-471.
Behera, B.C., Adawadkar, B., and Makhija, U., 2004, Capacity of Some
Graphidaceous Lichens to Scavenge Superoxide and Inhibition of
Tyrosinase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities, Current Science, 87 (1).
Chang, S. T., Wu. H. T., Wang, S. Y., Kang. L. P., Yang. N. S., and Shyur. L. F.,
2001, Antioxidant Activity of Extract from Acacia cunfusa Bark and
Heartwood, J. Agric. Food Chem, 49.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
Columbia University Press, New York, 477.
Demiray, S., Pintado, M. E., Castro, P.M.L., 2009, Evaluation of Phenolic Profiles
and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants: Tilia argentea,
Crataegi folium Leaves and Polygonum bistorta Roots, World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, 54.
Fernando, T., Patricia, A., Yong-seo, P., Soon-teck, J., Seong-gook, K., Buk gu,
H., Jerzy,D., Zofia, Z., Pawel, Z., Pawel, P., and Shela, S., 2008,
Screening of The Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties, Phenolic
Contents and Proteins of Five Durian Cultivars, International Journal of
Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59 (5), 415-427.
Fessenden, R dan Fessenden, J., 1986, Kimia Organik, 224, Penerbit Erlangga,
Jakarta.
Frei, B., 1994, Natural Antioxidant in Human Health and Disease, Academic
Press Inc., San Diego, 1-55.
47
Gandjar, I. G dan Rohman, A., 2007, Kimia Farmasi Analisis, Pustaka Pelajar,
Yogyakarta.
Gardner, P.T., White, T.A.C., McPhail, D.B. & Duthie, G.G, 2000, The relative
contribution of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics to the antioxidant
potential of fruit juices, Food Chemistry, 68, 471–474.
Hafid, A., 2003, Aktivitas Anti-radikal Bebas DPPH Fraksi Metanol Fagraea
auriculata dan Fagraea ceilanica, Majalah Farmasi Airlangga, 3 (1).
Harborne, J.B., 1987, Metode Fitokimia: Penentuan Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, ITB, Bandung.
Harborne, JB., 1993, The Flavonoids Advances in Research Since 1987, CRC
Press Company, New York.
Hennekens, C.H., 1997, Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Research
on Antioxidant Vitamins in Prevention of Cancer, Cardiovascular and Eye
Diseases, Pure &App/. Chem, 69 (10), 2141-2144.
Hernani dan Rahardjo, M., 2006, Tanaman Berkhasiat Antioksidan, 3-51, Penebar
Swadaya, Jakarta.
Huang, D., Ou, B., and Prior, R.L., 2005, The Chemistry Behind Antioxidant
Capacity Assays, J. Agric. Food Chem, 53, 1841-1856
Koleva, I.I., Van Beek, T.A., Linssen, J.P.H., De Groot, A., and Evstatieva, L.N.,
2001, Screening of Plant Extracts for Antioxidant Activity: A Comparative
Study On Three Testing Methods, Phytochem. Analysis, 13, 8–17.
Kujala, T. S., Loponen, J. M., Klika, K. D., Pihlaja, K., 2000, Phenolics and
Betacyanins In Red Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) Root: Distribution and Effect
of Cold Storage On The Content of Total Phenolics and Three Individual
Compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem, 48, 5338-5342.
Langseth, L., 1995, Oxidants, Antioxidans, and Disease Prevention, International
Life Sciences Institutes (ILSI) Europe, Belgium.
Lee, K.W., Kim, Y.J., Lee, H.J., and Lee, C.Y., 2003, Cocoa Has more Phenolik
Phytochemical and A higher Antioxidant Capacity than Teas and Red
Wine, J.Agric. Food Chem, 51 (52), 729-7295.
Madhavi, D., Deshpande, S., Salunkhe, D., 1995, Food Antioxidant, Marcel
Dekker Inc, New York.
48
Manitto, P., 1981, Biosintesis Produk Alami, Ellis Horwood Limited, England.
Maria, L., Hanna, L., Zenon, J., Iwona, J., Ratiporn, H., Sumitra, P., Elena, K.,
Zev, T., Jerzy, D., Simon, T., and Shela, G., 2007, The nutritional and
metabolic indices in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets supplemented
with durian at different stages of ripening, BioFactors, 29, 123–136.
Markham, K.R., 1988, Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid, diterjemahkan oleh
Kosasih Padmawinata, ITB, Bandung.
Marxen, K., Heinrich, K., Lippemeier, S., Hintze, R., Ruser, A., Hansen,U., 2007,
Determination of DPPH Radical Oxidation Caused by Methanolic
Extracts of Some Microalgal Species by Linear Regression Analysis of
Spectrophotometric Measurements, Sensors, 7, 2080-2095
Parejo, I., Viladomt, F., Bastida, J., Rosas-Romero, A., Flerlage, N., Burillo, J
and Codina, C., 2002, Comparison Between the Radical Scavenging
Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Six Distilled and Nondistilled
Mediterranean Herbs and Aromatic Plants, Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 50, 6882-6890.
Pokorni, J., (Eds), 2001, Antioxidant in Food Practical Aplication, Woodhead
publishing Ltd., Cambridge, England.
Poovarodom, S., Harvenkit, R., Vearasilp, S., Nemiesnik, J., Cvikrova, M.,
Martincova, O., Erza, A., Suhaj. M., Ruamsuke, P., and Gorinstein., 2010,
Comparative Characterisation of Durian, Mango and Avocado,
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 45, 921–929.
Prakash, A., 2001, Antioxidant Activity, Heart of Giant Resource, 19 (2)
Prakash, D., Upadhyay, G., Singh, B., Dhakarey, R., Kumar, S., and Singh, K.,
2007, Free-radical Scavenging Activities of Himalayan Rhododendrons,
Current Science, 92 (4), 25.
Oktavianingrum, D., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Air Kulit Durian (Durio
zibethinus Murr) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Skripsi, Fakultas
Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Priyatno, D., 2008, Mandiri Belajar SPSSI, MediaKom, Yogyakarta.
Rahayu, V., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Fraksi Non Polar Ekstrak Etil
Asetat Daun Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) Dengan Metode DPPH
Disertai Penetapan Kadar Fenol Dan Flavanoidnya, Skripsi, Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta.
49
Reynertson, K.A., 2007, Phytochemical Analysis of Bioactive Constituens from
Edible Myrtaceae Fruit, Dissertation, The City University of New York,
New York.
Rohman, A dan Riyanto, S., 2006, Aktivitas Antiradikal Bebas Ekstrak Kloroform
Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L.) dan Fraksi-fraksinya, Artocarpus,
6 (1), 39.
Sarker, S.D., Latief, Z., and Gray, A.I., 2006, Natural Product Isolation, second
edition, Humana Press, New Jersey.
Tedjo, A., Sajuthi, D., Darusman, K.L., 2005, Aktivitas Kemoprevensi Ekstrak
Temu Mangga, Makara, Kesehatan, 9 (2), 57-62.
Teow, C., Truong, V., Mc.Feeters, R., Thompson, R., Pecota, K.V., Yencho,
Craig, 2007., Antioxidant activities, phenolic and b-carotene contents of
sweet potato genotypes with varying flesh colours, Food Chemistry, 103,
829–838
Vaya, J., dan Aviram, M., 2001, Nutritional Antioxidants: Mechanisms of Action,
Analyses of Activities and Medical Applications, Curr. Med. Chem.-Imm,
Endoc. & Metab. Agents, 1 (1).
Voight, R., 1994, Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi, edisi V, diterjemahkan oleh
Soewandhi, S.N., dan Widianto, M.B., Gadjah Mada University Press,
Yogyakarta.
Wang, H., Cao, G. & Prior, R.L. 1996, Total antioxidant capacity of fruits,
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 701–705.
Winarsi, H., 2005, Isoflavon; Berbagai Sumber, Sifat dan Manfaatnya pada
Penyakit Degeneratif, Cetakan pertama, 38, UGM Press, Yogyakarta
Windono, T., Soediman, S., Yudawati, U., Ermawati, E., Srielita, A., Erowati,
T.I., 2001, Uji Peredam Radikal Bebas Terhadap 1,1-Diphenyl-2Picrylhydrazil (DPPH) dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah dan Biji Anggur (Vitis
vinifera L.) Probolinggo Biru dan Bali, Artocarpus, 1 (1).
Zhang. X, Koo. J and Eun. J. B., 2006, Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts
and phenolic compounds in Asian pear at different stages of maturity,
Food Sci Biotechnol, 15.
Zhishen, J., Mangcheng, T., Jianming W., 1999, the Determination of Flavonoid
Contents in Mulberry and Their Scavenging Effects on Superoxide
Radcals, Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559
50
Zou, Y., Lu. Y., and Wei, D., 2004, Antioxidant Activity of A Flavonoid-Rich
Hypericum perforatum L in Vitro, J. Agric. Food Chem, 52.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abuin, E., Lissi, E., Ortiz, P., and Henriquez, C., 2002, Uric Acid Reaction with
DPPH Radicals at the Micellar Interface, Chile.
Ames, B. N., Gold, L. S., and Willet, W. C., 1995, The Causes and Prevention of
Cancer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 5258-5265.
Andayani, R., Lisawati, W., dan Maimunah, 2008, Penentuan Aktivitas
Antioksidan, Kadar Fenolat Total dan Licopen Pada Buah Tomat
(Solanum lycopersicum L), Jurnal Sains dan Tekhnologi Farmasi, 13 (1).
Anonim, 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi Keempat, Departemen Kesehatan
Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J., and Yusoff, I., 2010, Estimation of Antioxidant
Phytochemicals in Four Different Varities of Durian (Durio zibethinus
murray) Fruit, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 6 (5), 465-471.
Behera, B.C., Adawadkar, B., and Makhija, U., 2004, Capacity of Some
Graphidaceous Lichens to Scavenge Superoxide and Inhibition of
Tyrosinase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities, Current Science, 87 (1).
Chang, S. T., Wu. H. T., Wang, S. Y., Kang. L. P., Yang. N. S., and Shyur. L. F.,
2001, Antioxidant Activity of Extract from Acacia cunfusa Bark and
Heartwood, J. Agric. Food Chem, 49.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
Columbia University Press, New York, 477.
Demiray, S., Pintado, M. E., Castro, P.M.L., 2009, Evaluation of Phenolic Profiles
and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants: Tilia argentea,
Crataegi folium Leaves and Polygonum bistorta Roots, World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, 54.
Fernando, T., Patricia, A., Yong-seo, P., Soon-teck, J., Seong-gook, K., Buk gu,
H., Jerzy,D., Zofia, Z., Pawel, Z., Pawel, P., and Shela, S., 2008,
Screening of The Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties, Phenolic
Contents and Proteins of Five Durian Cultivars, International Journal of
Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59 (5), 415-427.
Fessenden, R dan Fessenden, J., 1986, Kimia Organik, 224, Penerbit Erlangga,
Jakarta.
Frei, B., 1994, Natural Antioxidant in Human Health and Disease, Academic
Press Inc., San Diego, 1-55.
47
Gandjar, I. G dan Rohman, A., 2007, Kimia Farmasi Analisis, Pustaka Pelajar,
Yogyakarta.
Gardner, P.T., White, T.A.C., McPhail, D.B. & Duthie, G.G, 2000, The relative
contribution of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics to the antioxidant
potential of fruit juices, Food Chemistry, 68, 471–474.
Hafid, A., 2003, Aktivitas Anti-radikal Bebas DPPH Fraksi Metanol Fagraea
auriculata dan Fagraea ceilanica, Majalah Farmasi Airlangga, 3 (1).
Harborne, J.B., 1987, Metode Fitokimia: Penentuan Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, ITB, Bandung.
Harborne, JB., 1993, The Flavonoids Advances in Research Since 1987, CRC
Press Company, New York.
Hennekens, C.H., 1997, Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Research
on Antioxidant Vitamins in Prevention of Cancer, Cardiovascular and Eye
Diseases, Pure &App/. Chem, 69 (10), 2141-2144.
Hernani dan Rahardjo, M., 2006, Tanaman Berkhasiat Antioksidan, 3-51, Penebar
Swadaya, Jakarta.
Huang, D., Ou, B., and Prior, R.L., 2005, The Chemistry Behind Antioxidant
Capacity Assays, J. Agric. Food Chem, 53, 1841-1856
Koleva, I.I., Van Beek, T.A., Linssen, J.P.H., De Groot, A., and Evstatieva, L.N.,
2001, Screening of Plant Extracts for Antioxidant Activity: A Comparative
Study On Three Testing Methods, Phytochem. Analysis, 13, 8–17.
Kujala, T. S., Loponen, J. M., Klika, K. D., Pihlaja, K., 2000, Phenolics and
Betacyanins In Red Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) Root: Distribution and Effect
of Cold Storage On The Content of Total Phenolics and Three Individual
Compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem, 48, 5338-5342.
Langseth, L., 1995, Oxidants, Antioxidans, and Disease Prevention, International
Life Sciences Institutes (ILSI) Europe, Belgium.
Lee, K.W., Kim, Y.J., Lee, H.J., and Lee, C.Y., 2003, Cocoa Has more Phenolik
Phytochemical and A higher Antioxidant Capacity than Teas and Red
Wine, J.Agric. Food Chem, 51 (52), 729-7295.
Madhavi, D., Deshpande, S., Salunkhe, D., 1995, Food Antioxidant, Marcel
Dekker Inc, New York.
48
Manitto, P., 1981, Biosintesis Produk Alami, Ellis Horwood Limited, England.
Maria, L., Hanna, L., Zenon, J., Iwona, J., Ratiporn, H., Sumitra, P., Elena, K.,
Zev, T., Jerzy, D., Simon, T., and Shela, G., 2007, The nutritional and
metabolic indices in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets supplemented
with durian at different stages of ripening, BioFactors, 29, 123–136.
Markham, K.R., 1988, Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid, diterjemahkan oleh
Kosasih Padmawinata, ITB, Bandung.
Marxen, K., Heinrich, K., Lippemeier, S., Hintze, R., Ruser, A., Hansen,U., 2007,
Determination of DPPH Radical Oxidation Caused by Methanolic
Extracts of Some Microalgal Species by Linear Regression Analysis of
Spectrophotometric Measurements, Sensors, 7, 2080-2095
Parejo, I., Viladomt, F., Bastida, J., Rosas-Romero, A., Flerlage, N., Burillo, J
and Codina, C., 2002, Comparison Between the Radical Scavenging
Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Six Distilled and Nondistilled
Mediterranean Herbs and Aromatic Plants, Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 50, 6882-6890.
Pokorni, J., (Eds), 2001, Antioxidant in Food Practical Aplication, Woodhead
publishing Ltd., Cambridge, England.
Poovarodom, S., Harvenkit, R., Vearasilp, S., Nemiesnik, J., Cvikrova, M.,
Martincova, O., Erza, A., Suhaj. M., Ruamsuke, P., and Gorinstein., 2010,
Comparative Characterisation of Durian, Mango and Avocado,
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 45, 921–929.
Prakash, A., 2001, Antioxidant Activity, Heart of Giant Resource, 19 (2)
Prakash, D., Upadhyay, G., Singh, B., Dhakarey, R., Kumar, S., and Singh, K.,
2007, Free-radical Scavenging Activities of Himalayan Rhododendrons,
Current Science, 92 (4), 25.
Oktavianingrum, D., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Air Kulit Durian (Durio
zibethinus Murr) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Skripsi, Fakultas
Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Priyatno, D., 2008, Mandiri Belajar SPSSI, MediaKom, Yogyakarta.
Rahayu, V., 2007, Uji Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Fraksi Non Polar Ekstrak Etil
Asetat Daun Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) Dengan Metode DPPH
Disertai Penetapan Kadar Fenol Dan Flavanoidnya, Skripsi, Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta.
49
Reynertson, K.A., 2007, Phytochemical Analysis of Bioactive Constituens from
Edible Myrtaceae Fruit, Dissertation, The City University of New York,
New York.
Rohman, A dan Riyanto, S., 2006, Aktivitas Antiradikal Bebas Ekstrak Kloroform
Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L.) dan Fraksi-fraksinya, Artocarpus,
6 (1), 39.
Sarker, S.D., Latief, Z., and Gray, A.I., 2006, Natural Product Isolation, second
edition, Humana Press, New Jersey.
Tedjo, A., Sajuthi, D., Darusman, K.L., 2005, Aktivitas Kemoprevensi Ekstrak
Temu Mangga, Makara, Kesehatan, 9 (2), 57-62.
Teow, C., Truong, V., Mc.Feeters, R., Thompson, R., Pecota, K.V., Yencho,
Craig, 2007., Antioxidant activities, phenolic and b-carotene contents of
sweet potato genotypes with varying flesh colours, Food Chemistry, 103,
829–838
Vaya, J., dan Aviram, M., 2001, Nutritional Antioxidants: Mechanisms of Action,
Analyses of Activities and Medical Applications, Curr. Med. Chem.-Imm,
Endoc. & Metab. Agents, 1 (1).
Voight, R., 1994, Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi, edisi V, diterjemahkan oleh
Soewandhi, S.N., dan Widianto, M.B., Gadjah Mada University Press,
Yogyakarta.
Wang, H., Cao, G. & Prior, R.L. 1996, Total antioxidant capacity of fruits,
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 701–705.
Winarsi, H., 2005, Isoflavon; Berbagai Sumber, Sifat dan Manfaatnya pada
Penyakit Degeneratif, Cetakan pertama, 38, UGM Press, Yogyakarta
Windono, T., Soediman, S., Yudawati, U., Ermawati, E., Srielita, A., Erowati,
T.I., 2001, Uji Peredam Radikal Bebas Terhadap 1,1-Diphenyl-2Picrylhydrazil (DPPH) dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah dan Biji Anggur (Vitis
vinifera L.) Probolinggo Biru dan Bali, Artocarpus, 1 (1).
Zhang. X, Koo. J and Eun. J. B., 2006, Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts
and phenolic compounds in Asian pear at different stages of maturity,
Food Sci Biotechnol, 15.
Zhishen, J., Mangcheng, T., Jianming W., 1999, the Determination of Flavonoid
Contents in Mulberry and Their Scavenging Effects on Superoxide
Radcals, Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559
50
Zou, Y., Lu. Y., and Wei, D., 2004, Antioxidant Activity of A Flavonoid-Rich
Hypericum perforatum L in Vitro, J. Agric. Food Chem, 52.