Imobilisasi Sel Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Menggunakan Alginat- Kitosan Dan Uji Stabilitasnya Untuk Produksi Etanol Dari Molase Secara Fermentasi Batch
79
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Afrianti, H.L. 2004. Fermentasi. http://www.forumsains.com/index.php/topic.783.msg
2697.html.
Anonymouse. 2008. On the Mechanism
http://www.ggause.com/gfg04.html.
of
Competition
in
Yeast
Cells.
Ansori, R. 1992. Pengantar Teknologi Fermentasi. Departemen Pendidikan dan
kebudayaan direktorat jendral Pendidikan tinggi pusat antar Universitas Pangan dan
Gizi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
An Ullman’s encyclopedia. 1998. Industrial Organic Chemicals. Vol. 7. New York: Wiley
VHC.
Bender, A.E. 1982. Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology . 6th Edition. London :
Butterworths.
Buckle, K.A. 1985. Ilmu Pangan. Jakarta: UI-Press.
Chaplin,B. 1990. Enzyme Immobilization Technology. New York: AVI Publishing.
Chibata, I. 1978. Immobilized of Enzyms.Tokyo: Halsted Press Book.
Fardiaz, S. 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan 1. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Utama Pustaka.
Gaserød,O. Smidsrød, O. Skjăk-Brǣk,G. 1998. Microcapsules of Alginate-Chitosan-1. A
Quantitative study of The Interaction between Alginate and Chitosan. Biomaterials
19: 1815-1825.
Gattaway, M.O. dan Evans,R.C. 1984. Fungal Nutrition and Physiology. New York: John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Goksungur, Y dan Zorlu, N. 2001. Production of Ethanol from Beet Molasses by CaAlginate Immobilized Yeast Cells in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. Turk J Biol 25: 265275.
Grant, G T., Morris, E R., Rees, D A., Smith, P J, dan Thom, D. 1973. Biological
interactions between polysaccharides and divalent cation . 32: hal. 195-198.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
80
Hidayat,N. Padaga,M.C. dan Suhartini,S. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri. Yogyakarta: Andi
Hirano, S. 1994. Chitin and Chitosan, In: Elwers. B., Hawkins, S., Russey, W (ed).
Ullman’s encyclopedia of Industrial chemistry. 5th edition. Veinheim:
Verlagsgesellscaft.
http://www. Bioetanolindo.blogspot.com.2007. Pembuatan Etanol skala Home Industri.
Diakses pada 17 Februari 2014
http://www.ristek.co.id. 2008. Ethanol. Diakses pada 17 Februari 2014.
http://www.whfoods.com. 2008. Molase (Limbah tebu yang bermanfaat). Diakses pada 17
Februari 2004.
http://www.wikipedia.com. 2006. Komposisi Kimia Molase. Diakses pada 17 Februari
2014
Jeon, Bo Young et al, 2007, Development of a Serial Bioreactor System for Direct Ethanol
Production from Starch Using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Vol. 12: pp. 566-573.
Judoamidjojo, M. Darwis,A.A. dan Sa’id,E.G. 2010. Teknologi Fermentasi. Jakarta:
Rajawali Press.
Khopkar,S.M. 2003. Konsep dasar kimia analitik. Jakarta : UI-Press
Kirk-Othmer. 1999. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th Edition. New York: A
Wiley Interscience Publication John Wiley & Sons. Vol. 5.
Lodder, J . 1970 . The Yeast : A Taxonomic Study Second Revised and Enlarged Edition .
Amsterdam: The Netherland, Northolland Publishing Co .
Liouni, M. Drichoutis, P. Dan Nerantzis,E.T. 2008. Studies of mechanical properties and
the fermentation behavior of double layer alginate-chitosan beads, using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24: 281288.
,
Mardoni,M.M Yetty Tjandrawati. 2007. Perbandingan metode kromatografi gas dan berat
jenis
pada
penetapan
kadar
etanol
dalam
minuman
anggur.
http://www.usu.ac.id/mardoni.pdf. Diakses 06 agustus 2014
Marx, J.L. 1991. Revolusi Bioteknologi. Terjemahan Wilder Yatim. Edisi I. Jakarta :
Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
81
Moat, A.G. dan Foster, J.W. 2002. Microbial Physiology. USA: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Muchtadi,D.S. 1992. Enzim dalam Industri Pangan. Bogor: PAU Pangan dan Gizi. Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Muzzarelli, R. 1973. Natural Chelating Polymer : Alginic acid, Chitin and Chitosan.
Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Nikon. 2004. Saccharomyeces Yeast Cells : Nikon Microscopy . Phase Contrast
lmageGaIlery
.http//
www.microscopyu
.com/galleries/pliasecontrast/sacc
haromvcessmall .html. Diakses pada 15 Juni 2004.
Reed, G. dan T.W. Nagodawithana. 1991 . Yeast Technology . Van Nostrad. New York:
Rein Hold.
Sanger. 2004. Peptidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/
speccards/peptidase/spOO 0895.
Sa’id,E.G. 1987. Bioindustri, Penerapan Teknologi Fermentasi. Bogor: Pusat Antar
Universitas Biologi IPB.
Sebayang ,F. 2006. Pembuatan Ethanol dari Molase secara Fermentasi menggunakan sel
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang terimobilisasi pada Kalsium Alginat . Jurnal
Teknologi Proses 5 : 68-74.
Sembiring,F. 2010. Pengaruh Penggunaan Film Pelapis Ca-Alginat-Kitosan dan Pelapis
Plastik terhadap Kadar Pati Roti Tawar dan Pertumbuhan Isolat Bakteri. Skripsi.
Dept. Kimia FMIPA USU.
Sholikhah,S.M. 2010. Kajian Kadar Etanol dan Asam Asetat dalam cairan Nira Siwalan
(Borassus Flabellifer Linn) menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Gas
(GC),
Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia FST UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Smidsrød dan Skjăk-brǣk. 1990. Alginate as Immobilization matrix for Cells. Trends
Biotechnol 8: hal. 71-78.
Sugita, P. Wukisari,T. Sjahrial,A. dan Wahyono,A. 2009. Kitosan Sumber Biomaterial
Masa Depan.Bogor: IPB Press.
Suriawiria, U. 1990. Pengantar Biologi Umum. Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa.
Takahashi, T., Takayama, K., Nagai, T., 1990. Characteristics of polyion complexes of
chitosan with sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate. Int J Pharm 61: hal: 35-41.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
82
Winarno,F.G. 1982. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Yao, K., Peng, T., Yin, Y., Xu, M. 1995. Chitosan microcapsules and microspheres JMRRiviews in Macromol Chemistry. 35: hal:155-180.
Yokotsuka, K., Mizuo, Y, dan Toshihide, M. 1997. Production of bottle fermented
sparkling wine using yeast immobilized in double layer gel beads or strands. Am J
ENol Vitic 48: hal. 471-481.
Zaborsky,O.R. 1973. Immobilized Enzyme. Cleveland: CRC Press,Inc.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Afrianti, H.L. 2004. Fermentasi. http://www.forumsains.com/index.php/topic.783.msg
2697.html.
Anonymouse. 2008. On the Mechanism
http://www.ggause.com/gfg04.html.
of
Competition
in
Yeast
Cells.
Ansori, R. 1992. Pengantar Teknologi Fermentasi. Departemen Pendidikan dan
kebudayaan direktorat jendral Pendidikan tinggi pusat antar Universitas Pangan dan
Gizi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
An Ullman’s encyclopedia. 1998. Industrial Organic Chemicals. Vol. 7. New York: Wiley
VHC.
Bender, A.E. 1982. Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology . 6th Edition. London :
Butterworths.
Buckle, K.A. 1985. Ilmu Pangan. Jakarta: UI-Press.
Chaplin,B. 1990. Enzyme Immobilization Technology. New York: AVI Publishing.
Chibata, I. 1978. Immobilized of Enzyms.Tokyo: Halsted Press Book.
Fardiaz, S. 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan 1. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Utama Pustaka.
Gaserød,O. Smidsrød, O. Skjăk-Brǣk,G. 1998. Microcapsules of Alginate-Chitosan-1. A
Quantitative study of The Interaction between Alginate and Chitosan. Biomaterials
19: 1815-1825.
Gattaway, M.O. dan Evans,R.C. 1984. Fungal Nutrition and Physiology. New York: John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Goksungur, Y dan Zorlu, N. 2001. Production of Ethanol from Beet Molasses by CaAlginate Immobilized Yeast Cells in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. Turk J Biol 25: 265275.
Grant, G T., Morris, E R., Rees, D A., Smith, P J, dan Thom, D. 1973. Biological
interactions between polysaccharides and divalent cation . 32: hal. 195-198.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
80
Hidayat,N. Padaga,M.C. dan Suhartini,S. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri. Yogyakarta: Andi
Hirano, S. 1994. Chitin and Chitosan, In: Elwers. B., Hawkins, S., Russey, W (ed).
Ullman’s encyclopedia of Industrial chemistry. 5th edition. Veinheim:
Verlagsgesellscaft.
http://www. Bioetanolindo.blogspot.com.2007. Pembuatan Etanol skala Home Industri.
Diakses pada 17 Februari 2014
http://www.ristek.co.id. 2008. Ethanol. Diakses pada 17 Februari 2014.
http://www.whfoods.com. 2008. Molase (Limbah tebu yang bermanfaat). Diakses pada 17
Februari 2004.
http://www.wikipedia.com. 2006. Komposisi Kimia Molase. Diakses pada 17 Februari
2014
Jeon, Bo Young et al, 2007, Development of a Serial Bioreactor System for Direct Ethanol
Production from Starch Using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Vol. 12: pp. 566-573.
Judoamidjojo, M. Darwis,A.A. dan Sa’id,E.G. 2010. Teknologi Fermentasi. Jakarta:
Rajawali Press.
Khopkar,S.M. 2003. Konsep dasar kimia analitik. Jakarta : UI-Press
Kirk-Othmer. 1999. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th Edition. New York: A
Wiley Interscience Publication John Wiley & Sons. Vol. 5.
Lodder, J . 1970 . The Yeast : A Taxonomic Study Second Revised and Enlarged Edition .
Amsterdam: The Netherland, Northolland Publishing Co .
Liouni, M. Drichoutis, P. Dan Nerantzis,E.T. 2008. Studies of mechanical properties and
the fermentation behavior of double layer alginate-chitosan beads, using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24: 281288.
,
Mardoni,M.M Yetty Tjandrawati. 2007. Perbandingan metode kromatografi gas dan berat
jenis
pada
penetapan
kadar
etanol
dalam
minuman
anggur.
http://www.usu.ac.id/mardoni.pdf. Diakses 06 agustus 2014
Marx, J.L. 1991. Revolusi Bioteknologi. Terjemahan Wilder Yatim. Edisi I. Jakarta :
Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
81
Moat, A.G. dan Foster, J.W. 2002. Microbial Physiology. USA: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Muchtadi,D.S. 1992. Enzim dalam Industri Pangan. Bogor: PAU Pangan dan Gizi. Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Muzzarelli, R. 1973. Natural Chelating Polymer : Alginic acid, Chitin and Chitosan.
Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Nikon. 2004. Saccharomyeces Yeast Cells : Nikon Microscopy . Phase Contrast
lmageGaIlery
.http//
www.microscopyu
.com/galleries/pliasecontrast/sacc
haromvcessmall .html. Diakses pada 15 Juni 2004.
Reed, G. dan T.W. Nagodawithana. 1991 . Yeast Technology . Van Nostrad. New York:
Rein Hold.
Sanger. 2004. Peptidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/
speccards/peptidase/spOO 0895.
Sa’id,E.G. 1987. Bioindustri, Penerapan Teknologi Fermentasi. Bogor: Pusat Antar
Universitas Biologi IPB.
Sebayang ,F. 2006. Pembuatan Ethanol dari Molase secara Fermentasi menggunakan sel
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang terimobilisasi pada Kalsium Alginat . Jurnal
Teknologi Proses 5 : 68-74.
Sembiring,F. 2010. Pengaruh Penggunaan Film Pelapis Ca-Alginat-Kitosan dan Pelapis
Plastik terhadap Kadar Pati Roti Tawar dan Pertumbuhan Isolat Bakteri. Skripsi.
Dept. Kimia FMIPA USU.
Sholikhah,S.M. 2010. Kajian Kadar Etanol dan Asam Asetat dalam cairan Nira Siwalan
(Borassus Flabellifer Linn) menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Gas
(GC),
Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia FST UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Smidsrød dan Skjăk-brǣk. 1990. Alginate as Immobilization matrix for Cells. Trends
Biotechnol 8: hal. 71-78.
Sugita, P. Wukisari,T. Sjahrial,A. dan Wahyono,A. 2009. Kitosan Sumber Biomaterial
Masa Depan.Bogor: IPB Press.
Suriawiria, U. 1990. Pengantar Biologi Umum. Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa.
Takahashi, T., Takayama, K., Nagai, T., 1990. Characteristics of polyion complexes of
chitosan with sodium alginate and sodium polyacrylate. Int J Pharm 61: hal: 35-41.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
82
Winarno,F.G. 1982. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Yao, K., Peng, T., Yin, Y., Xu, M. 1995. Chitosan microcapsules and microspheres JMRRiviews in Macromol Chemistry. 35: hal:155-180.
Yokotsuka, K., Mizuo, Y, dan Toshihide, M. 1997. Production of bottle fermented
sparkling wine using yeast immobilized in double layer gel beads or strands. Am J
ENol Vitic 48: hal. 471-481.
Zaborsky,O.R. 1973. Immobilized Enzyme. Cleveland: CRC Press,Inc.
Universitas Sumatera Utara