Ekspresi Protein P53 Sel Trophoblas Plasenta Pada Kehamilan Yang Preeklampsia Berat Eklamsia Dan Kehamilan Normotensi
Hasil Tesis Obgyn
EKSPRESI PROTEIN p53 SEL TROPHOBLAS PLASENTA PADA
KEHAMILAN YANG PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT/EKLAMSIA DAN KEHAMILAN
NORMOTENSI
Oleh :
Ika Sulaika
PEMBIMBING:
dr Christoffel L Tobing, M Ked(OG), SpOG.K
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Daftar Isi ...................................................................................................... i
Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................ iii
Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................ iv
Daftar Singkatan ......................................................................................... v
BAB I Pendahuluan .................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian ......................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 5
1.3. Hipotesa Penelitian ................................................................... 5
1.4. Tujuan penelitian ...................................................................... 5
1.4.1. Tujuan Umum .................................................................. 5
1.4.2. Tujuan Khusus ................................................................ 6
1.5. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 6
BAB II Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................ 7
2.1. Preeklampsia ............................................................................ 7
2.1.1.Etiologi dan Patogenesis Preeklampsia ........................... 8
2.1.2. Palsenta Sebagai Sumber Terjadinya Preeklampsia ...... 12
2.1.3. Patofisiologi Apoptosis .................................................... 13
2.1.4. Apoptosis Trophoblas ...................................................... 16
2.1.5. Kerangka Teori ................................................................ 18
2.1.6. Kerangka Konsep ............................................................ 19
BAB III Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................... 20
3.1. Rancangan Penelitian............................................................... 20
3.2. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................... 20
3.3. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................... 20
3.4. KriteriaInklusi dan Eksklusi Penelitian ...................................... 22
3.5. Identifikasi Variabel .................................................................. 22
3.6. Cara KerjadanTeknik Pengambilan Sampel ............................. 24
3.7. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .................................................. 27
3.8. Prosedur Kerja .......................................................................... 28
BAB IV Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan ............................................... 29
4.1. Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................... 29
BAB V Kesimpulan dan Saran .................................................................. 35
5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 35
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................ 35
DaftarPustaka .............................................................................................. 38
Lampiran ...................................................................................................... 44
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 1. Skemateorisindrompreeklampsiaterdiridari 2 tahap ................... 9
Gambar 2. Skemarepresentasidaribeberapajenis apoptosis ....................... 14
Gambar 3 proportion score dan intensity score ...........................................27
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1
Skor total imunohistokimia protein p53 .......................................27
Tabel 4.1.Distribusi karakteristik sampel penelitian ..................................... 29
Tabel 4.2.Perbedaan reratas korekspresi protein p53 berdasarkan
kelompok subjek penelitian .......................................................................... 30
Tabel 4.3.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 preeklampsia/eklampsia
berdasarkan usia kehamilan ........................................................................ 31
Tabel 4.4.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien normotensi berdasarkan
usia kehamilan.............................................................................................. 32
Tabel 4.5.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien preeklampsia/eklampsia
berdasarkan usia ibu .................................................................................... 32
Tabel 4.6.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien normotensi berdasarkan
usia ibu ......................................................................................................... 33
EKSPRESI PROTEIN p53 SEL TROPHOBLAS PLASENTA PADA
KEHAMILAN YANG PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT/EKLAMSIA DAN KEHAMILAN
NORMOTENSI
Oleh :
Ika Sulaika
PEMBIMBING:
dr Christoffel L Tobing, M Ked(OG), SpOG.K
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Daftar Isi ...................................................................................................... i
Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................ iii
Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................ iv
Daftar Singkatan ......................................................................................... v
BAB I Pendahuluan .................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian ......................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 5
1.3. Hipotesa Penelitian ................................................................... 5
1.4. Tujuan penelitian ...................................................................... 5
1.4.1. Tujuan Umum .................................................................. 5
1.4.2. Tujuan Khusus ................................................................ 6
1.5. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 6
BAB II Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................ 7
2.1. Preeklampsia ............................................................................ 7
2.1.1.Etiologi dan Patogenesis Preeklampsia ........................... 8
2.1.2. Palsenta Sebagai Sumber Terjadinya Preeklampsia ...... 12
2.1.3. Patofisiologi Apoptosis .................................................... 13
2.1.4. Apoptosis Trophoblas ...................................................... 16
2.1.5. Kerangka Teori ................................................................ 18
2.1.6. Kerangka Konsep ............................................................ 19
BAB III Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................... 20
3.1. Rancangan Penelitian............................................................... 20
3.2. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................... 20
3.3. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................... 20
3.4. KriteriaInklusi dan Eksklusi Penelitian ...................................... 22
3.5. Identifikasi Variabel .................................................................. 22
3.6. Cara KerjadanTeknik Pengambilan Sampel ............................. 24
3.7. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .................................................. 27
3.8. Prosedur Kerja .......................................................................... 28
BAB IV Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan ............................................... 29
4.1. Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................... 29
BAB V Kesimpulan dan Saran .................................................................. 35
5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 35
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................ 35
DaftarPustaka .............................................................................................. 38
Lampiran ...................................................................................................... 44
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 1. Skemateorisindrompreeklampsiaterdiridari 2 tahap ................... 9
Gambar 2. Skemarepresentasidaribeberapajenis apoptosis ....................... 14
Gambar 3 proportion score dan intensity score ...........................................27
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1
Skor total imunohistokimia protein p53 .......................................27
Tabel 4.1.Distribusi karakteristik sampel penelitian ..................................... 29
Tabel 4.2.Perbedaan reratas korekspresi protein p53 berdasarkan
kelompok subjek penelitian .......................................................................... 30
Tabel 4.3.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 preeklampsia/eklampsia
berdasarkan usia kehamilan ........................................................................ 31
Tabel 4.4.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien normotensi berdasarkan
usia kehamilan.............................................................................................. 32
Tabel 4.5.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien preeklampsia/eklampsia
berdasarkan usia ibu .................................................................................... 32
Tabel 4.6.Perbedaan rerata total skor p53 pasien normotensi berdasarkan
usia ibu ......................................................................................................... 33