Modifikasi Dan Karakterisasi Karet Alam Siklis (Resiprena 35) Dengan Anhidrida Maleat Sebagai Substituen Bahan Pengikat Cat Sintetis

  Andrew Ciesielski, 1999, An Introduction to Rubber Technology, Rapra Technology Limited Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, United Kingdom

  Bhattacharya, A. dan B.N. Misra, Grafting: a versatile means to modify polymers techniques, factors and applications, Prog. Polym. Sci. (2004) 29: 767–814.

  B. M. Dorscht, C. Tzoganakis, Reactive extrusion of polypropylene with supercritical carbon dioxide: Free radical grafting of maleic anhydride, J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 87 (2003) 1116-22. Chantara Thevy Ratnam dan Khairul Zaman, Modification of PVC/ENR blends by electron beam irradiation, Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 269 (1999)

  42–48 (Nr. 4671). Charmondusit, K., Kiatkamjornwong, S., and Pasassarakich, P (1998), “Grafting of

  Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene onto Natural Rubber”, J. of Scientific Research, Chulalongkorn University, 23, , p. 167-182. Chonlada Amornchaiyapitak, Wirach Taweepreda, Pramuan Tangboriboonrat,

  Modification of epoxidised natural rubber film surface by polymerization of methyl methacrylate, European Polymer Journal (2008) 44:1782–1788. Da-Wen Sun, 2009, Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control,

  Elsevier Inc, Oxpord, UK Demin Jia, Yuan Fang Luo, Yan Mei Li, Hui Lu, Wei Wen Fu, W. L. Cheung,

  Synthesis and Characterization of Solid-Phase Graft Copolymer of Polypropylene with Styrene and Maleic Anhydride, Journal of Applied Polymer Science , (2000) Vol. 78, 2482–2487.

  Eddyanto, 2007, Functionalisation Of Polymers: Reactive Processing, Structure and Peformance Characteristics , Thesis, Aston University. Eddiyanto, M. Said Siregar dan Ichlas Rawo Syaputra, Grafting Maleat Anhidrat

  Pada Karet Alam Siklis (Cyclic Natural Rubber/CNR) Dengan Inisiator Dicumyl Peroksida, Agrium 17 (2012): 128-133 Flint, C. F. dan B. J. Eaton, 1938, The Chemistry and Technology of Rubber Latex, D.

  Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York. F.W. Fifield dan D. Kealey, 2000, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry, Edisi ke-5, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

  G. Moad, The synthesis of polyolefin graft copolymers by reactive extrusion, Prog.

  Polym. Sci. 24 (1999) 81-142.

  Heping Yu, Zongqiang Zeng, Guang Lu, Qifang Wang, Processing characteristics and thermal stabilities of gel and sol of epoxidized natural rubber, European

  Polymer Journal , 44 (2008) 453–464.

  Herve´ Cartier dan Guo-Hua Hu, Styrene-Assisted Melt Free Radical Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate onto Polypropylene, Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry , Vol. 36, (1998) 1053–1063.

  Hinchiranan N, B. Suppaibulsuk, S. Promprayoon, P. Prasassarakich, Improving properties of modified acrylic sheet via addition of graft natural rubber,

  Materials Letters 61 (2007): 3951–3955.

  HSDB, 1995, Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD (TOMES-CD-ROM Version). Denver, CO: Micromedex, Inc.

  (Edition expires 7/31/95). Hussin Mohd Nor dan John R. Ebdon, Telechetic Liquid Natural Rubber: A Roview, Prog. Polym. Sci ., (1998) Vol. 23, 143-177.

  I. M. Thakore, S. Deai, B. D. Sarawade, S. Devi, Studies on biodegradability, morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of LDPE/modified starch blends,

  Eur. Polym. J. 37 (2001) 151-160 .

  Jaehyug Cha dan James L. White, Maleic Anhydride Modification of Polyolefin in an Internal Mixer and a Twin-Screw Extruder: Experiment and Kinetic Model,

  Polymer Engineering And Science , July 2001, Vol. 41, No. 7 pp. 1227-1237

  Janssen, Hendrik Jan Jacob, United States Patent Office, 2.814.656, 1957 Jan Van Beilen, Yves Poirier, Bill Orts, 2006, Alkternative Sourches of Natural

  Rubber , CPL Press Sciences Publisher, Newbury, Berks, UK

  Kasteren, Yu-Zhong Wang, Oxidation of natural rubber using a sodium tungstate/acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide catalytic system, Polymer Degradation

  and Stability , (2010) 95:1077-1082. J. Cha, J. L. White, Maleic anhydride modification of polyolefin in an internal mixer and a twin-screw extruder: Experiment and kinetic model, Polym. Eng. Sci. 41 (2001) 1227-1237. J. L. White, A. Sasaki, Free Radical Graft Polymerization, Polym.-Plast. Technol.

  Eng. 42 (2003) 711-735.

  J. Saelao, P. Phinyocheep, Influence of styrene on grafting efficiency of maleic anhydride onto natural rubber, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 95 (2005) 28-38. Krump, H., P. Alexy., A.S. Luyt., 2005, Preparation of a maleated Fischer-Tropsch paraffin wax and FTIR analysis of grafted maleic anhydride, Polymer

  Testing 24 (2005): 129-135.

  Lee, D. F. J. Scanlan and W. F. Watson, 1963, The Cyclization of Natural Rubber,

  Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1963 273, 345-359, Downloaded from rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org on December 30, 2009.

  L. Yong, F. Zhang, T. Endo, T. Hirotsu, Structural characterization of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene by 13C NMR spectroscopy, Polymer 43 (2002) 2591-2594. Mirzataheri, M., The Cyclization of Natural Rubber, Iran J. Chem. & Chem.

  Eng., (2000)Vol.19.

  M. Mehrabzade, S. Kasaei, M. Khosravi, Modification of fastcure ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer rubber by maleic anhydride and effect of electron donor, J.

  Appl. Polym. Sci. 79 (1998) 1-15 .

  M. Said Siregar, Thamrin, Basuki WS. dan Eddiyanto, Modifiksi Karet Alam Siklis Dengan Teknik Grafting: Menggunakan Monomer Metil Metakrilat dan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida, Agrium, 17 (2012): 172-176

  M. Sclavons, V. Carlier, B. De Roover, P. Franquinet, J. Devaux, R. Legras, The anhydride content of some commercial PP-g-MA: FTIR and titration, J. Appl.

  Polym. Sci. 62 (1996) 1205-1210.

  Nakason, C., A. Kaesaman, P. Supasanthitikul, Material Characterisation, The 35-41.

  Nakason, C.A., Sitisaiyidah Saiwari, Azizon Kaesaman, Rheological properties of maleated natural rubber/polypropylene blends with phenolic modified polypropylene and polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride compatibilizers, Polymer Testing 25 (2006) 413–423.

  Nakason,C. A., A. Kaesman, S. Homsin, S. Kiatkamjornwong, Rheological and Curing Behavior of Reactive Blending. I. Maleated Natural Rubber–Cassava Starch, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 81, (2001) 2803–2813.

  N. G. Gaylord, R. Mehta, Peroxide-catalyzed grafting of maleic anhydride onto molten polyethylene in the presence of polar organic compounds, J. Polym. Sci.

  Part A: Polym. Chem. 26 (1988) 1189-1198.

  Riyajan, S., 2006, Cationic Cyclization of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex using Sulfuric Acid, Elastomer and Plastic, 104-109. R. Mani, J. Tang, M. Bhattacharya, Synthesis and characterization of starch-graft- polycaprolactone as compatibilizer for starch/ polycaprolactone blends,

  Macromol. Rapid Commun. 19 (1998)283-286

  Sandra Schlögl, Rebecca Kramer, Dietmar Lenko, Hartmuth Schröttner, Raimund Schaller, Armin Holzner dan Wolfgang Kern, Fluorination of elastomer materials, European Polymer Journal 47 (2011): 2321–2330.

  Seng Neon Gan dan Z.A. Hamid, Partial convertion of Epoxide Groups to Diol in Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Polymer (1997) Vol. 38 No. 8 1953-1956

  Si Dong Li, Ying Chen, Jiang Zhou, Pei Sen Li, Cheng Sen Zhu, Mu Liang Lin, Study on the Thermal Degradation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 1998, Vol. 67, 2207-2211.

  Simmons, W. E. Baker, Basic functionalization of polyethylene in the melt, Polym.

  Eng. Sci. 29 (1989) 1117-1123.

  Stevens, M. P., 2001, Kimia Polimer, Terjemahan Lis Sopyan, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. Suwadee Kongparakul, Pattarapan Prasassarakich dan Garry L. Rempel, Catalytic hydrogenation of methyl methacrylate-g-natural rubber (MMA-g-NR) in the

  88–97. S. Cimmino, F. Coppola, L. D’Orazio, Greco R, G. Maglio, M. Malinconico, C.

  Mancarella, E. Martuscelli, G. Ragosta, Ternary nylon-6/rubber/modified rubber blends: Effect of the mixing procedure on morphology, mechanical and impact properties, Polymer 27 (1986) 1874-1884. S. N. Sathe, G. S. Srinivasa Rao, S. Devi, Grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene: Synthesis and characterization, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 53 (1994)

  239-245. S. H. P. Bettini, J. A. M. Agnelli, Grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene by reactive processing. I. Effect of maleic anhydride and peroxide concentrations on the reaction, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 74 (1999) 247-255. S. H. P. Bettini, J. A. M. Agnelli, Grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene by reactive processing. II. Effect of rotor speed and reaction time, J. Appl. Polym.

  Sci. 74 (1999) 256-263.

  Takayuki Saito, Warunee Klinklai, Seiichi Kawahara, Characterization of epoxidized natural rubber by 2D NMR spectroscopy, Polymer 48 (2007) 750-757 Thio Goan Loo, 1980, Tuntunan Praktis Mengelola Karet Alam, PT. Kinta, Jakarta. Tumorskii, A. V.V. Markov, L. P. Fomine, V.B. Belyanin dan B. A. Dogadkin, 1961,

  Cyclization of Diene Polymers_I: Cyclization of Natural Rubber in Phenol Solutions , Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow.

  William Klingensmit dan Brendan Rodgers, 2004, Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications, Taylor dan Francis. W. Heinen, M. van Duin, C. B. Wenzel, H. C. Rosenmoller, M. de Groot, L.

  Lugtenburg, 13C NMR study of the grafting of 13C labelled maleic anhydride onto PE, PP and EPM. Macromol. Symp. 129 (1998) 119-125. W. H. Jo, C. D. Park, Preparation of functionalized polystyrene by reactive extrusion and its blend with polyamide, Polymer 37 (1996) 1709-1714.

Yılser Guldogan, Sinan Egri, Zakir M. O. Rzaev, Erhan Piskin, Comparison of

  Maleic Anhydride Grafting onto Powder and Granular Polypropylene in the Melt by Reactive Extrusion, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 92, 3675–3684 Y. Kayano, H. Keskkula, D. R. Paul, Fracture behaviour of some rubber-toughened nylon 6 blends, Polymer 39 (1998) 2835-2845. Zakir M. O. Rzayev, Graft Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and Its Isostructural

  Analogues: High Performance Engineering Materials, International Review of Chemical Engineering , volume 3, No 2, March, 2011.

  Zhen Yao, Bo-Geng Li, Kun Cao dan Zu-Ren Pan, Semicontinuous Thermal Bulk Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride: Experiments and Reactor Model, J Appl Polym Sci 67: 1905–1912, 1998.