Course: IKI81404T : Perancangan Sistem Informasi
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI
Session
Session 66 Architecture
Architecture Design
Design
nd
Based
Based on
on System
System Analysis
Analysis && Design
Design 22nd Edition
Edition
Authors
Authors :: Alan
Alan Dennis
Dennis && Barbara
Barbara Haley
Haley Wixom
Wixom
Publisher
Publisher :: John
John Wiley
Wiley && Sons
Sons
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Facult y of Com put er Science – UNI VERSI TY OF I NDONESI A
Objectives
Objectives
Understand the fundamental components of
an information system.
Understand server-based, client-based, and
client-server architectures.
Understand how operational, performance,
security, cultural and political requirements
affect the architecture design.
Be familiar with how to create an architecture
design
Be familiar with how to create a hardware and
software specification.
2
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Key
Key Definitions
Definitions
Architecture design
Plans for how the system will be distributed across
computers and what the hardware and software will
be used for each computer
Hardware and software specification
Describes the hardware/software components in
detail to aid those responsible for purchasing those
products.
3
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
ELEMENTS OF
AN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
4
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architectural
Architectural Components
Components (Functions)
(Functions) of
of
Software
Software
Data storage
Data access logic
Processing required to access stored data
Application logic
Processing logic of the application
Presentation logic
Information display and user command processing
5
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architectural
Architectural Design
Design Purpose
Purpose
Determine what parts of the application
software will be assigned to what hardware.
Hardware options:
Clients
• Input/output devices employed by users
• PCs, laptops, handheld devices, cell phones
Servers
• Larger computers storing software
• Accessible by many users
6
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Alternative
Alternative Servers
Servers
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Microcomputer (personal computer)
7
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Alternative
Alternative Clients
Clients
Terminals
Microcomputer (personal computer)
Special purpose terminals(ATMs, kiosks, Palm
Pilots, and many others)
8
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architecture
Architecture Choices
Choices
Server-based Architecture
Client-based Architecture
Client-server based Architecture
9
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Server-Based
Server-Based Architecture
Architecture
10
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Based
Client-Based Architecture
Architecture
11
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture (Two-Tiered)
(Two-Tiered)
12
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Server
Client-Server Attributes
Attributes
Benefits
Scalable
--Limitations
Complexity
---
13
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Three-Tiered
Three-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture
14
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Four-Tiered
Four-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture
15
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
N-Tiered
N-Tiered versus
versus 2-Tiered
2-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server
Architectures
Architectures
Benefits
--Limitations
---
16
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Your
Your Turn
Turn
Consider the course registration system at your
university:
What computing architecture does it use?
What computing architecture would you use if
you were replacing it today?
17
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
CREATING AN ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN
18
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Selecting
Selecting an
an Architecture
Architecture Design
Design
Lower costs often used to justify choice of
client-server
Recommended selection process:
Expand nonfunctional requirement details
Base architecture selection on the detailed
nonfunctional requirements
19
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Operational
Operational Requirements
Requirements
Requirement
Definition
Example
Technical
Environment
Special hardware, software,
and network requirements
imposed by business
requirements
Always-on network connection
permitting real-time database
updates
System
Integration
The extent to which the system
will operate with other systems
The system will read and write
to the main inventory database
Portability
The extent to which the system
will need to operate in other
environments
The system may need to
operate with handheld devices
Maintainability
Expected business changes to
which the system should be
able to adapt
The system must accommodate
new manufacturing plants
20
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Performance
Performance Requirements
Requirements
Requirement
Definition
Speed
Time within which the system must Network transaction
perform its function
response time
Session
Session 66 Architecture
Architecture Design
Design
nd
Based
Based on
on System
System Analysis
Analysis && Design
Design 22nd Edition
Edition
Authors
Authors :: Alan
Alan Dennis
Dennis && Barbara
Barbara Haley
Haley Wixom
Wixom
Publisher
Publisher :: John
John Wiley
Wiley && Sons
Sons
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Facult y of Com put er Science – UNI VERSI TY OF I NDONESI A
Objectives
Objectives
Understand the fundamental components of
an information system.
Understand server-based, client-based, and
client-server architectures.
Understand how operational, performance,
security, cultural and political requirements
affect the architecture design.
Be familiar with how to create an architecture
design
Be familiar with how to create a hardware and
software specification.
2
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Key
Key Definitions
Definitions
Architecture design
Plans for how the system will be distributed across
computers and what the hardware and software will
be used for each computer
Hardware and software specification
Describes the hardware/software components in
detail to aid those responsible for purchasing those
products.
3
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
ELEMENTS OF
AN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
4
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architectural
Architectural Components
Components (Functions)
(Functions) of
of
Software
Software
Data storage
Data access logic
Processing required to access stored data
Application logic
Processing logic of the application
Presentation logic
Information display and user command processing
5
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architectural
Architectural Design
Design Purpose
Purpose
Determine what parts of the application
software will be assigned to what hardware.
Hardware options:
Clients
• Input/output devices employed by users
• PCs, laptops, handheld devices, cell phones
Servers
• Larger computers storing software
• Accessible by many users
6
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Alternative
Alternative Servers
Servers
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Microcomputer (personal computer)
7
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Alternative
Alternative Clients
Clients
Terminals
Microcomputer (personal computer)
Special purpose terminals(ATMs, kiosks, Palm
Pilots, and many others)
8
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Architecture
Architecture Choices
Choices
Server-based Architecture
Client-based Architecture
Client-server based Architecture
9
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Server-Based
Server-Based Architecture
Architecture
10
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Based
Client-Based Architecture
Architecture
11
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture (Two-Tiered)
(Two-Tiered)
12
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Client-Server
Client-Server Attributes
Attributes
Benefits
Scalable
--Limitations
Complexity
---
13
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Three-Tiered
Three-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture
14
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Four-Tiered
Four-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server Architecture
Architecture
15
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
N-Tiered
N-Tiered versus
versus 2-Tiered
2-Tiered Client-Server
Client-Server
Architectures
Architectures
Benefits
--Limitations
---
16
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Your
Your Turn
Turn
Consider the course registration system at your
university:
What computing architecture does it use?
What computing architecture would you use if
you were replacing it today?
17
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
CREATING AN ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN
18
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Selecting
Selecting an
an Architecture
Architecture Design
Design
Lower costs often used to justify choice of
client-server
Recommended selection process:
Expand nonfunctional requirement details
Base architecture selection on the detailed
nonfunctional requirements
19
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Operational
Operational Requirements
Requirements
Requirement
Definition
Example
Technical
Environment
Special hardware, software,
and network requirements
imposed by business
requirements
Always-on network connection
permitting real-time database
updates
System
Integration
The extent to which the system
will operate with other systems
The system will read and write
to the main inventory database
Portability
The extent to which the system
will need to operate in other
environments
The system may need to
operate with handheld devices
Maintainability
Expected business changes to
which the system should be
able to adapt
The system must accommodate
new manufacturing plants
20
PowerPoint Course Mat erial for SCELE Graduat e Program I nform at ion Technology
Fa cu lt y of Com put e r Scie n ce – Unive r sit y of I n don e sia
Performance
Performance Requirements
Requirements
Requirement
Definition
Speed
Time within which the system must Network transaction
perform its function
response time