Skrining Mukosa Bukal Rongga Mulut Perokok Kretek Dengan Menggunakan Pewarnaan Papanicolaou Yang Dihubungkan Dengan Nilai mAgNOR
50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Obake. Bahaya Rokok bagi kesehatan kita. http://bobi-obake.blogspot.com
/2011 /08/bahaya-rokok-bagi-kesehatan-kita.html. (12 februari 2015).
2. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. GATS: Indonesia Report 2011. Jakarta:
World Health Organization, 2012: 16-7.
3. Bernhard D. Cigarette smoke Toxicity. Austria: Wiley-VCH., 2011: 202,69-72,179-81.
4. Gododiputro S. Bahaya Tembakau dan Bentuk-bentuk sediaan tembakau.
Tesis. Bandung: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Padjadjaran, 2007: 10.
5. Zamzami F. Perokok RI Terbanyak di Dunia. http://www.republika.co.
id/kanal/koran/kesra/Perokok-RI-Terbanyak-di-dunia.html.
(4
Januari
2015).
6. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar: RISKESDAS 2013. Jakarta: Litbang Depkes RI,
2013: 170-2.
7. Cancer
Council
Victoria.
Head
&
Neck
Cancers.
http://www.cancervic.org.au/about-cancer/cancer_types/head-neck-cancers
( 29 desember 2014).
8. Nicholas J, Allan K. Cigarette smoking; an epidemiological overview.
British Med bulletin 1996; 52: 3-11.
9. Ram H, Sarkar J, Kumar H, Konwar R, Bhatt M, Mohammad S. Oral
Cancer: Risk Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis. J Maxillofac 2011;
10(2): 132-7.
10. Epstein J. Burket’s Oral Medicine Diagnosis & Treatment: Oral cancer. 10th
ed., Spain: BC Decker Inc., 2003:194-9.
11. Liu S. A literature analysis of the risk factors for oral cancer. In: Kalu U.
Oral Cancer, Shanghai: InTech., 2012: 69.
12. Chawson R, Odell E. Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. 7th
ed., London: Churchill living stone., 2003: 243-54.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
51
13. Dinesh V, Jagdish V. Early detection of oral cancer: PAP and AgNOR
staining in brush biopsies. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2010; 14(2): 52-8.
14. Remmerbach TW, Weidenbach H, Hemprich A, Bocking A. DNA Image
Cytometry: Diagnostic aid in brush cytology of oral cancer. Int Poster J Dent
Oral Med 2001; 3(3): 86.
15. Agarwal SP. Manuals for Training in Cancer Control, Manual for Cytology.
New Delhi: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare., 2005: 20-1.
16. Tere D. AgNOR staining and quantification. Bologna: Micron., 2000: 12731.
17. Maggi L, Weber J. Nucleolar Adaptation in Human Cancer. Washington:
Cancer Invest., 2005; 23(7): 599–608.
18. Fontes PC. Correa GH, Issa J, Brandao AA, Almeida JD. Comparison of
Exfoliative Pap Stain and AgNOR Counts of Tongue in Smokers and
Nonsmokers. Sao Paulo: Head and Neck Pathol., 2008; 2: 157-62.
19. British American tobacco. Cigarette components http://www.bat.com/
groupms/sites/BAT_9GVJXS.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7AXG42
(20
januari 2015).
20. Ramdhani M. Penerapan teknik control diri untuk mengurangi rokok pada
kategori perokok ringan. Malang. J sains dan Praktik Psikologi 2013; 1(3):
240-54.
21. HDW. Smoking man. http://www.google.com/imgres? imgurl=http://
static. hdw.eweb4.com/media/wallpapers_1920x1200/ photography/1/2/
smoking-man-photography-hd-wallpaper-1920x12002554.jpg&imgrefurl=http://hdw.eweb4.com/se
arch/smoking/&h=1200&w=1920&tbnid=IQ19rQXx9XytLM:&zoom=1&
docid=v0nzbHa3CRgyiM&ei=VkzdVNS2O8aSuAT9jICQAg&tbm=isch
&ved=0CJkBEDMoXDBc&biw=1252&bih=602 (19 Januari 2015).
22. Johnson JD, dkk. Two-Year toxicity and carcinogenicity study of
methyleugenol in F344/N rats ang B6C3F(1) mice. J Agric Food Chem
2000; 48(8): 362.
23. Cigarettes and smoking tobacco product. Smoked Tobacco Product. Be
Tobacco Free.gov, 2014: 1-4.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
24. Dorland. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 25th ed., Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders., 1974: 986-7.
25. Eroschenko V. DiFiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlation.
11th
ed.,
Philadelphia:
Lippincott
Williams
&
Wilkins.,
2008 :28,38,232,235.
26. Britist
Dental
Health
Foundation.
Smoking
and
Oral
Health.
https://www.dentalhealth. org/ tell-me-about/topic/sundry/smoking-andoral-health (10 Februari 2015).
27. Laskaris G. Pocket Atlas of Oral Diseases. 2nd ed., Stuttgard: Thieme.,
2006: 10.
28. Starzyńska A, Pawłowska A, Renkielska D, Michajłowski I, Sobjanek M,
Błażewicz I. Oral premalignant lesions: epidemiological and clinical
analysis in the northern Polish population. Postępy Dermatologi i
Alergologii: Gdansk., 2014: 345-7.
29. Bradley G, Leong I. Comprehensive preventive dentistry. United State:
Wiley-Blackwell., 2012: 61-6.
30. Souto G, Caliari M, Lins C, Aguiar M, Abreu M, Mesquita E. Tobacco Use
Increase The Number Of Aneuploid Nuclei In The Clinically Healthy Oral
Epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39: 605-10.
31. Neville B, Day T. Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. CA Cancer J Clin
2002; 52: 201.
32. Deborah M, Winn. Tobacco Use and Oral Disease. J Dent Education 2001;
65: 306-8.
33. Johnson N, dkk. Squamous cell carcinoma. WHO & TNM classification:
168-72.
34. Robbins, Kumar, Cotran. Buku ajar Patologi. ed 7. Jakarta: EGC., 2012:
189-94.
35. Cann K, Dellaire G. Nucleolus as a biomarker in cancer : past and future.
Can J Path 2010: 30-4.
36. Boisvert F, Koningsbruggen S, Navascues J, Lamond A. The
multifunctional nucleolus. Nature review. Molecular cell biology., 2007; 8:
574-83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
37. Bernnan JA, dkk. Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Mutation of
The p53 Gene in Squamous-cell Carcinoma of The Head and Neck. The
New England J Med 1995: 712-6
38. U.S Departement of Health and Human Cancer. What you need to know
oral cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/ cancertopics/ wyntk/ oral/WYNTK_
oral.pdf (20 Juli 2015).
39. Mehrotra R, Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R. Application of Cytologi and
Molecular Biology in Diagnosing Premalignant or Malignant Oral Lesions.
J Mol Cancer 2006; 5(11): 1-10.
40. Vezhavendhan N, Shanthi V, Kumar G, Balaji9 N, Sumathi M. Cytologic
and Histopathologic Correlation in Cancer Diagnosis. J of Sc Dent. 2011;
1(2): 13
41. Lamond A, Earnshaw W. Structure and Function in the Nucleus.
Sciencemag.org, 1998; 280: 547-52.
42. Cancado R, dkk. Comparative Analyses Between the Smoking Habit
Frequency and the Nucleolar Organizer Region Associated Proteins in
Exfoliative Cytology of Smokers’ Normal Buccal Mucosa. Tobacco
Induced Diseases, 2004 ; 2(1): 43-9.
43. Gulia SP, Sitaramam E, Reddy KP. The role of silver staining nucleolar
organizer regions ( AgNORs ) in lesions of the oral cavity. J Clin Diagn Res.
2011; 5(5): 1011-5.
44. Mehkri S, Iyengar AR, Nagesh KS, Bharati MB. Analysis of cell
proliferation rate in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J
Clin Exp Dent 2010; 2(4): 173-7.
45. Salehinejad J, Kalantari MR, Omidi AA, Zare R. Evaluation of AgNOR
staining in exfoliatife cytology of normal oral (buccal) mucosa : effect of
smoking. J Mashhad Dent School 2007; 31: 22-4.
46. Ahmed HG, Babiker AA. Assessment of cythological atypia. AgNOR nd
nuclear area in epithelial cells of normal oral mucosa exposed to toombak
and smoking. Rare tumors, 2009 ; 1 : 50-2.
47. Nikicicz E, Norback D. Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR)
staining in normal bone marrow cells. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43: 723-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
48. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian klinis. ed 4.,
Jakarta : Sagung Seto., 2011: 99.
49. Abdelaziz M, Osman T, Detection of Cytomorphological Changes in Oral
Mucosa among Alcoholics and Cigarette Smokers. J Oman Med 2011;
26(5): 349-352.
50. Bukhari M, dkk. Modified method of AgNOR staining for tisue and
interpretation in histopathology. J Exp Path 2007, 88: 47-53.
51. ASH (Action on Smoking Health), 2012. Tobacco and oral health, 2012.
52. Gómez G, dkk. Reverse smokers’s and change in oral mucosa Department
of Sucre, Colombia. J Med Oral Pathol 2008, 12: E1-8.
53. Singhal M. Significance of AgNOR in Salivary Gland Tumors. J Indian
Med Gazette 2014: 81-6.
54. Cancer Treatment Center of America. Oral Cancer Risk Factor http://www.
cancercenter .com/ oral-cancer/risk-factor/ (1 November 2015).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Obake. Bahaya Rokok bagi kesehatan kita. http://bobi-obake.blogspot.com
/2011 /08/bahaya-rokok-bagi-kesehatan-kita.html. (12 februari 2015).
2. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. GATS: Indonesia Report 2011. Jakarta:
World Health Organization, 2012: 16-7.
3. Bernhard D. Cigarette smoke Toxicity. Austria: Wiley-VCH., 2011: 202,69-72,179-81.
4. Gododiputro S. Bahaya Tembakau dan Bentuk-bentuk sediaan tembakau.
Tesis. Bandung: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Padjadjaran, 2007: 10.
5. Zamzami F. Perokok RI Terbanyak di Dunia. http://www.republika.co.
id/kanal/koran/kesra/Perokok-RI-Terbanyak-di-dunia.html.
(4
Januari
2015).
6. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar: RISKESDAS 2013. Jakarta: Litbang Depkes RI,
2013: 170-2.
7. Cancer
Council
Victoria.
Head
&
Neck
Cancers.
http://www.cancervic.org.au/about-cancer/cancer_types/head-neck-cancers
( 29 desember 2014).
8. Nicholas J, Allan K. Cigarette smoking; an epidemiological overview.
British Med bulletin 1996; 52: 3-11.
9. Ram H, Sarkar J, Kumar H, Konwar R, Bhatt M, Mohammad S. Oral
Cancer: Risk Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis. J Maxillofac 2011;
10(2): 132-7.
10. Epstein J. Burket’s Oral Medicine Diagnosis & Treatment: Oral cancer. 10th
ed., Spain: BC Decker Inc., 2003:194-9.
11. Liu S. A literature analysis of the risk factors for oral cancer. In: Kalu U.
Oral Cancer, Shanghai: InTech., 2012: 69.
12. Chawson R, Odell E. Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. 7th
ed., London: Churchill living stone., 2003: 243-54.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
51
13. Dinesh V, Jagdish V. Early detection of oral cancer: PAP and AgNOR
staining in brush biopsies. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2010; 14(2): 52-8.
14. Remmerbach TW, Weidenbach H, Hemprich A, Bocking A. DNA Image
Cytometry: Diagnostic aid in brush cytology of oral cancer. Int Poster J Dent
Oral Med 2001; 3(3): 86.
15. Agarwal SP. Manuals for Training in Cancer Control, Manual for Cytology.
New Delhi: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare., 2005: 20-1.
16. Tere D. AgNOR staining and quantification. Bologna: Micron., 2000: 12731.
17. Maggi L, Weber J. Nucleolar Adaptation in Human Cancer. Washington:
Cancer Invest., 2005; 23(7): 599–608.
18. Fontes PC. Correa GH, Issa J, Brandao AA, Almeida JD. Comparison of
Exfoliative Pap Stain and AgNOR Counts of Tongue in Smokers and
Nonsmokers. Sao Paulo: Head and Neck Pathol., 2008; 2: 157-62.
19. British American tobacco. Cigarette components http://www.bat.com/
groupms/sites/BAT_9GVJXS.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7AXG42
(20
januari 2015).
20. Ramdhani M. Penerapan teknik control diri untuk mengurangi rokok pada
kategori perokok ringan. Malang. J sains dan Praktik Psikologi 2013; 1(3):
240-54.
21. HDW. Smoking man. http://www.google.com/imgres? imgurl=http://
static. hdw.eweb4.com/media/wallpapers_1920x1200/ photography/1/2/
smoking-man-photography-hd-wallpaper-1920x12002554.jpg&imgrefurl=http://hdw.eweb4.com/se
arch/smoking/&h=1200&w=1920&tbnid=IQ19rQXx9XytLM:&zoom=1&
docid=v0nzbHa3CRgyiM&ei=VkzdVNS2O8aSuAT9jICQAg&tbm=isch
&ved=0CJkBEDMoXDBc&biw=1252&bih=602 (19 Januari 2015).
22. Johnson JD, dkk. Two-Year toxicity and carcinogenicity study of
methyleugenol in F344/N rats ang B6C3F(1) mice. J Agric Food Chem
2000; 48(8): 362.
23. Cigarettes and smoking tobacco product. Smoked Tobacco Product. Be
Tobacco Free.gov, 2014: 1-4.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
24. Dorland. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 25th ed., Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders., 1974: 986-7.
25. Eroschenko V. DiFiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlation.
11th
ed.,
Philadelphia:
Lippincott
Williams
&
Wilkins.,
2008 :28,38,232,235.
26. Britist
Dental
Health
Foundation.
Smoking
and
Oral
Health.
https://www.dentalhealth. org/ tell-me-about/topic/sundry/smoking-andoral-health (10 Februari 2015).
27. Laskaris G. Pocket Atlas of Oral Diseases. 2nd ed., Stuttgard: Thieme.,
2006: 10.
28. Starzyńska A, Pawłowska A, Renkielska D, Michajłowski I, Sobjanek M,
Błażewicz I. Oral premalignant lesions: epidemiological and clinical
analysis in the northern Polish population. Postępy Dermatologi i
Alergologii: Gdansk., 2014: 345-7.
29. Bradley G, Leong I. Comprehensive preventive dentistry. United State:
Wiley-Blackwell., 2012: 61-6.
30. Souto G, Caliari M, Lins C, Aguiar M, Abreu M, Mesquita E. Tobacco Use
Increase The Number Of Aneuploid Nuclei In The Clinically Healthy Oral
Epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39: 605-10.
31. Neville B, Day T. Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. CA Cancer J Clin
2002; 52: 201.
32. Deborah M, Winn. Tobacco Use and Oral Disease. J Dent Education 2001;
65: 306-8.
33. Johnson N, dkk. Squamous cell carcinoma. WHO & TNM classification:
168-72.
34. Robbins, Kumar, Cotran. Buku ajar Patologi. ed 7. Jakarta: EGC., 2012:
189-94.
35. Cann K, Dellaire G. Nucleolus as a biomarker in cancer : past and future.
Can J Path 2010: 30-4.
36. Boisvert F, Koningsbruggen S, Navascues J, Lamond A. The
multifunctional nucleolus. Nature review. Molecular cell biology., 2007; 8:
574-83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
37. Bernnan JA, dkk. Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Mutation of
The p53 Gene in Squamous-cell Carcinoma of The Head and Neck. The
New England J Med 1995: 712-6
38. U.S Departement of Health and Human Cancer. What you need to know
oral cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/ cancertopics/ wyntk/ oral/WYNTK_
oral.pdf (20 Juli 2015).
39. Mehrotra R, Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R. Application of Cytologi and
Molecular Biology in Diagnosing Premalignant or Malignant Oral Lesions.
J Mol Cancer 2006; 5(11): 1-10.
40. Vezhavendhan N, Shanthi V, Kumar G, Balaji9 N, Sumathi M. Cytologic
and Histopathologic Correlation in Cancer Diagnosis. J of Sc Dent. 2011;
1(2): 13
41. Lamond A, Earnshaw W. Structure and Function in the Nucleus.
Sciencemag.org, 1998; 280: 547-52.
42. Cancado R, dkk. Comparative Analyses Between the Smoking Habit
Frequency and the Nucleolar Organizer Region Associated Proteins in
Exfoliative Cytology of Smokers’ Normal Buccal Mucosa. Tobacco
Induced Diseases, 2004 ; 2(1): 43-9.
43. Gulia SP, Sitaramam E, Reddy KP. The role of silver staining nucleolar
organizer regions ( AgNORs ) in lesions of the oral cavity. J Clin Diagn Res.
2011; 5(5): 1011-5.
44. Mehkri S, Iyengar AR, Nagesh KS, Bharati MB. Analysis of cell
proliferation rate in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J
Clin Exp Dent 2010; 2(4): 173-7.
45. Salehinejad J, Kalantari MR, Omidi AA, Zare R. Evaluation of AgNOR
staining in exfoliatife cytology of normal oral (buccal) mucosa : effect of
smoking. J Mashhad Dent School 2007; 31: 22-4.
46. Ahmed HG, Babiker AA. Assessment of cythological atypia. AgNOR nd
nuclear area in epithelial cells of normal oral mucosa exposed to toombak
and smoking. Rare tumors, 2009 ; 1 : 50-2.
47. Nikicicz E, Norback D. Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR)
staining in normal bone marrow cells. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43: 723-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
48. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian klinis. ed 4.,
Jakarta : Sagung Seto., 2011: 99.
49. Abdelaziz M, Osman T, Detection of Cytomorphological Changes in Oral
Mucosa among Alcoholics and Cigarette Smokers. J Oman Med 2011;
26(5): 349-352.
50. Bukhari M, dkk. Modified method of AgNOR staining for tisue and
interpretation in histopathology. J Exp Path 2007, 88: 47-53.
51. ASH (Action on Smoking Health), 2012. Tobacco and oral health, 2012.
52. Gómez G, dkk. Reverse smokers’s and change in oral mucosa Department
of Sucre, Colombia. J Med Oral Pathol 2008, 12: E1-8.
53. Singhal M. Significance of AgNOR in Salivary Gland Tumors. J Indian
Med Gazette 2014: 81-6.
54. Cancer Treatment Center of America. Oral Cancer Risk Factor http://www.
cancercenter .com/ oral-cancer/risk-factor/ (1 November 2015).
Universitas Sumatera Utara