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2 KeitdaksantunanBerbahasa

m a l a d i d a jr e t g n a y a n e m o n e f a m il g n u d n a g n e m k it a m g a r p n a ij a K

i d a m a s r e b n a p u d i h e k m a l a d i d a jr e t g n a y a s a h a b n a h a l a s a m r e p i s a t a g n e m

e m k it a m g a r p , n a m a z a y n g n a b m e k r e b g n ir i e S . t a k a r a y s a

m nemukan fenomena

n a n u t n a s k a d it e k a n e m o n e f u ti a y , m a l a d h i b e l i j a k i d k u t n u k ir a n e m g n a y u r a b

i r a d a t a k n a w a l n a k a p u r e m n a n u t n a s k a d it e k a t a k , u l a l s a t n i p e S . a s a h a b r e b

i r a d a t a k n a w a l h a l n a k u b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k a t a k a y n r a s a d a d a p , n u m a N . n a n u t n a s e k

u t n a s e k a t a

k nan .

9 0 0 2 ( o w o n a r

P : 68-75 ) memaparkan tentang beberapa fakta yang n a k i a r u i d n a k a i n i t u k ir e B . n u t n a s k a d it a r a c e s a s a h a b n a i a k a m e p n a k k u j n u n e m

a t k a

f -fakta yang terdapa t dalam kehidupan bermasyaraka t yang akhrinya .

n u t n a s k a d it g n a y a s a h a b n a k l u b m i n e m

t r e

P ama; penutu rmenyampaikan k iritk secara langsung (menohok mirta a

t a k n a g n e d ) r u t u

t -kata atau frasa kasar .Misalnya terdapa tkata “payah” dan n a i a k a m e P . n i p m i m e p u a t a n e d i s e r p g n a r o e s a d a p k u j n u n e m g n a y ” t u k a n e p “

d s a l e j a t a k r u t u tr e b m a l a d n a i k i m e d g n a y a s a h a

b apa tmenyinggung perasaan

. k it ir k n a r a s a s i d a j n e m g n a y r u t u t a rt i m

; a u d e

K penutu r didorong rasa emos i keitka betrutur .Keitka be trutur , a d a p e k h a r a m n a s e k r e t a g g n i h e s n a h i b e lr e b g n a y i s o m e a s a r g n o r o d i d r u t u n e p

. r u t u t a rt i m

; a g it e

K penutu rprotektfit erhadap pendapatnya .Keitkabe trutur ,seseorang g

n a d a

k -kadang protektfi t erhadap pendapatnya .Ha ldemikian dimaksudkan aga r n i g n i g n a y r u t u n e P . n i a l k a h i p h e l o a y a c r e p i d k a d it r u t u t a rt i m n a r u t u t

a k u k a li d g n a y a p a a w h a b k il b u p n a k n i k a y e

m nnyabena rdan yangd liakukan oleh

. n u t n a s k a d it i d a j n e m n a r u t u t t a u b m e m g n a y h a li n i , h a l a s r u t u t a rt i m

;t a p m e e

K penutu rsengaja ingin memojokkan mirta tutu rdalam be trutur . . r u t u tr e b m a l a d r u t u t a rt i m n a k k o j o m e m n i g n i a j a g n e s r u t u n e p , r u t u tr e b a k it e K

n e

D gan demikian ,mirtat utu rmenjad i itdak berdaya .Misalnyapenggunaan kata , h a r a m a d a n n a g n e d a r a c i b r e b r u t u n e p a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m , r a s a k n a d s a r e k a t a k

n a k r a b m a g g n e m g n a y h a li n i , r u t u t a rt i m n a k k o j o m e m n a d , l e k g n e j a s a r

. n u t n a s k a d it g n a y a s a h a b n a i a k a m e p

Keilma; penutu rmenyampaikan tuduhan ata sdasa rkecu irgaan terhadap i t k u b n a g n e d g n u k u d i d k a d it n a r u t u t i s i a n e r a k n u t n a s k a d it n a r u t u T . r u t u t a rt i m

. n a a g ir u c e k r a s a d s a t a a y n a h i p a t e t ,t a u k g n a y

3 . 2 .

2 Teori-teor iKeitdaksantunanBerbahasa

h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e

K asa merupakan fenomena baru yang menjad i

i l h a n a d u k u b k a y n a b k a d it , n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . k it a m g a r p n a ij a k m a l a d n a it a h r e p

i d r a h a R , n u m a N . a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k i r o e t g n a t n e t s a h a b m e m g n a y a s a h a b

a s k a d it e K : i s n e t e p m o K n a it il e n e P “ a y n i s a t n e s e r p m a l a d ) 2 1 0 2

( ntunan Pragmaitk

a g r a u l e K h a n a R m a l a d a s a h a b r e B k it s i u g n i L n a

d (Famliy Domain)”

i r a d r e b m u s r e b g n a y i n i a n e m o n e f i j a k g n e m h a l e t il h a a p a r e b e b n a k t a h il r e p m e m

l u d u jr e b g n a y u k u

t c a r P d n a y r o e T n

i ice yang disusun oleh Bous ifeld dan Loche r(2008) .Beirku t .

a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k g n a t n e t il h a a p a r e b e b i r a d n a r a p a m e p h a l a d a

1 . 3 . 2 .

2 Teor iKeitdaksantunanBerbahasadalamPandanganLocher

m a l a

D pandangan Miiram A . Loche r (Derek Bousifeld & Mi iram A . 2

, r e h c o

L 008:3) , keitdaksantunan berbahasa dapa t dipaham i sebaga i beirkut , e

c a f s i t a h t r u o i v a h e b ..

.‘ -aggravaitng in a paritcula r context’. Jad i initnya , a k u m ’ n a k h e c e l e m ‘ u k a li r e p a d a p n a k k u j n u n e m u ti a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k

e c a

f( -aggravate.)

n a k h e c e l e m u k a li r e

P muka tiu sesungguhnya lebih dar i sekada r

’ m a c n a g n e m

‘ muka f(ace-threaten) , sepetr i yang dtiawarkan dalam banyak u a t a , ) 7 8 9 1 ( n o s n i v e L d n a n w o r B , ) 3 8 9 1 ( h c e e L k i s a l k n a n u t n a s e k i s i n if e d

v r E a k u m p e s n o k i h u r a g n e p i d g n u r e d n e c g n a y , 8 7 9 1 n u h a t a d a p a y n m u l e b e

s ing

.) 9 0 0 2 , i d r a h a R ( n a m f f o G

p a d a h r e t r e h c o L i s i n if e d n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b g n a y n i a l i s a t e r p r e t n I

a y n h u g g n u s e s t u b e s r e t n a k a d n it a w h a b h a l a d a i n i a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k

u k a li r e p r a d a k e s h a l n a k u

b ‘melecehkanmuka’ ,melainkanperliakuyang‘memain -n

a k n i a

m muka .’

r e h c o L . A m a ir i M n a m a h a m e p m a l a d a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k , i d a J

n i a m e m n a d n a k h e c e l e m g n a y a s a h a b r e b k a d n it i a g a b e s h a l a d

a -mainkan muka ,

a t a k n a g n e d n a k g n a b m a li d g n a y a n a m i a g a b e

s ‘aggravate’ tiu . Teor i dar i

n o c i d t a p a d i n i a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e

k tohkandalams tiuas ibe irkuti n.i

: i s a u ti S

p a i s r e b g n a d e s k a n a n a d u b i a d a r a m a k m a l a d i

D -siap hendak perg ike

t u b m a r ir a t n e m o g n e m u b i g n a S . h a l e b e s a s e d i d a k e r e m a r a d u a s n a h a k i n r e p a t s e p

. a y n i k a l e l k a n a

: a s a h a b d u j u W

u b

I :“PulangdairJ ogjakokr ambutmuj ad igakhtiaml agi ,Bang?” k

a n

A :“In imode lrambut t ahun 2013 ,Bu .Aku kan anak gaul.. .Keren ”

a h a h a h . .. u B , n a k u b

I :“Ooo ,anak gau ltiukalau rambutnya kayarambutj agunggtiu !

g n a B , o

t Seirngpanasandil ua rpo?” s

i s il a n

A :

i k a l k a n a a d a p e k u b i g n a r o e s h e l o n a k i a p m a s i d s a t a i d n a r u t u

T -lakinya

p a i s r e b g n a d e s a k it e

k -siapperg ikepestapernikahans audarad idesas ebelah .Dar i i

k a l k a n a t u b m a r k e j e g n e m u b i g n a s a w h a b i u h a t e k i d t u b e s r e t n a p a k a c r e

p -lakinya

j g o J i r a d g n a l u p h a l e t e

s a .Halt ersebu tdtiujukkandairt uturan i budengankailma t ? o p r a u l i d n a s a n a p g n i r e S ! g n a B , o t u ti g g n u g a j t u b m a r a y a k a y n t u b m a

r ,

n u p i k s e m , n u t n a s k a d it n a r u t u t t a p a d r e t a w h a b n a k a d n a n e m t u b e s r e t t a m il a k

u b e s r e t n a r u t u t n u m a n g n a d e s a d a n n a g n e d n a k i a p m a s i

d tdapa tmenyinggung

n a k l u p m i s i d t a p a d s a t a i d n a p a k a c r e p h o t n o c n a k r a s a d r e B . r u t u t a rt i m n a a s a r e p

a d a p u c a g n e m r e h c o L n a g n a d n a p t u r u n e m a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k i r o e t a w h a b

n a k h e c e l e m k u t n u d u s k a m i k il i m e m g n a y r u t u n e p i a d n a r u t u t n a a n u g g n e p k u t n e b

e m n a

d nyinggungperasaanmirtat uturnya .

2 . 3 . 2 .

2 Teor iKeitdaksantunanBerbahasadalamPandanganBousifeld

m a l a

D pandangan Mi iram A .Loche r(Derek Bous ifeld & Mi iram A . ,

i a g a b e s i m a h a p i d a s a h a b r e b m a l a d n a n u t n a s k a d it e k , ) 3 : 8 0 0 2 , r e h c o

L ‘Thei ssuing

e r a t a h t ) s A T F ( s t c a g n i n e t a e r h t e c a f e v it c il f n o c d n a s u o ti u t a r g y ll a n o it n e t n i f o

’ . d e m o f r e p y ll u f e s o p r u

p Bousifeld membeirkan penekanan pada dimens i )

s u o ti u t a r g ( ’ n a o n o r b m e s e k

‘ ,dan konfilkit f(confilcitve)dalam prak itk berbahasa k

a d it g n a

y santun.

n a d , a k u m m a c n a g n e m u ti g n a r o e s e s a s a h a b r e b u k a li r e p a li b a p a , i d a J

a g g n i h , ) s u o ti u t a r g ( o n o r b m e s a r a c e s n a k u k a li d u ti a k u m p a d a h r e t n a m a c n a

u a t a , k il f n o k n a k g n a t a d n e m u ti n a i k i m e d o n o r b m e s i r o g e t a k r e b n a k a d n it a y n ri h k a

d n it n a d , n a r a k g n e tr e p n a k h a

b akan tersebu t d liakukan dengan kesengajaan

. n a n u t n a s k a d it e k s a ti l a e r n a k a p u r e m u ti a s a h a b r e b n a k a d n it a k a m , )l u f e s o p u p (

i s a u ti s m a l a d n a k h o t n o c i d t a p a d i n i a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k u k a li r e p i r a d i r o e T

.i n i t u k ir e b

: i s a u ti S

a p a b , g n a i s n a k a m g n a d e s a k it e

K kdani bubercakap-cakapd imejamakan .

g n a t a d g n u j n u k k a d it g n a y k a p a b u g g n u n e m h a d u s a n e r a k h u l e g n e m u b I

k a d it k a p a B . a y n h a l o k e s i d u r u g u t a s h a l a s r a t n a i d g n a l u p u b i a g g n i h t u p m e j n e m

g n a y n a h n a d i g a l r a j a g n e m m a j a d a k a d it h a d u s l a h a d a p , g n a t a d g n u j n u

k obro l

t a p m e t , h a l o k e s a d e b u b i n a d k a p a B . u r u g r o t n a k i d a y n n i a l u r u g n a g n e d

.r a j a g n e m

: a s a h a b d u j u W

u b

I :“Adar apa tdis ekolahpo ,Pak?Kokgakj empu!t” k

a p a

B :“Enggak !Nongkrongd ikantor. ” s

i s il a n

A :

n a k t a p a d n e m n i g n i u b i a w h a b k a p m a t s a t a i d n a r u t u

T responl angsungdar i

u ti l a H . h a l o k e s e k t u p m e j n e m k a d it a p a g n e m n a k s a l e j n e m k u t n u k a p a b

n a r u t u t n a g n e d n a k t a h il r e p i

! h a l o k e

s Tuturan t ersebu tdibala sdengan komenta rbapak yangsanta iseolah-olah a

b r a s e b h a l a s a m n a k u

b g iibu .Ha l tiu dapa tdiilha tdar ituturan Nongkrong d i .r

o t n a

k Yang menandakan bahwa tuturan tersebu t itdak seiru sdiucapkan oleh k a d it , t u b e s r e t n a r u t u t s u ir e s n a g n e d i p a g g n a n e m r u t u t a rt i m a k i J . k a p a b

k e r e m a r a t n a i d k il f n o k l u b m it n a k a a w h a b i ri k g n u p i

d a .Berdasarkan liusrtas id i

d l e if s u o B n a g n a d n a p t u r u n e m n a n u t n a k a d it e k i r o e t a w h a b n a k l u p m i s i d t a p a d , s a t a

a p u r e b g n a y n a n u t n a s k a d it e k n a a n u g g n e p k u t n e b a d a p n a k n a k e n e m h i b e l i n i

n a d n a k h e c e l e m k u t n u n i a l e s d u s k a m i k il i m e m g n a y r u t u n e p h e l o n a r u t u t

n i h g n e

m amirtat uturnyadengan t anggapan seenaknyasendri isecarasengajadan .

a k e r e m a r a t n a i d k il f n o k a y n a d a n a k n i k g n u m e m t a p a d

3 . 3 . 2 .

2 Teor iKeitdaksantunanBerbahasadalamPandanganCulpeper

m a l a

D pandangan Mi iram A .Loche r(Derek Bous ifeld & Mi iram A . ,

h a l a d a a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k g n a t n e t , ) 3 : 8 0 0 2 , r e h c o

L I‘mpoltieness ,a s I

e c a f “ e h t e s u a c o t g n i d n e t n i r o i v a h e b e v it a c i n u m m o c s e v l o v n i , ti e n if e d d l u o w

’. o s e b o t t e g r a t e h t y b d e v i e c r e p r o t e g r a t a f o ” s s o

l Diamembeirkanpenekanan

a f a d a

p kta‘ facel oss’atau ‘ kehliangan muka’- kalaudalambahasaJawamungkin ‘

p e s n o k n a g n e d t a k e d u ti p e s n o

k kelanganr a’i(kehlianganmuka.)

n a n u t n a s k a d it e k , i d a

J i(mpoltieness) dalam berbahasa tiu merupakan

s n e t n i a r a c e s n a k it n a r e p i d g n a y f it a k i n u m o k u k a li r e

p iona luntuk membua torang

r a n e

b -bena rkehlianganmuka f(acel oss,) atauseitdaknyaorangt ersebut‘ merasa ’ t a p a d i n i a s a h a b r e b n a n u t n a s k a d it e k u k a li r e p i r a d i r o e T . a k u m n a g n a li h e k

.i n i t u k ir e b i s a u ti s m a l a d n a k h o t n o c i d

3 5 1

.i g a l h u a j h i b e l

a p a k a d i T

“ -apa .Diat e lralubawelaja ,dandias udahwaktunyameningga.l”( Larung ,2001 :7) .

7 Kontekst uturan :penuturl elak iberusiasektia r25t ahun .Mirtat utu rmerupakani bu dar ipenutu .rt uturan s

g n u r a L r a g a d u s k a m n a g n e d g n u r a L a d a p e k u b i h e l o n a k r u t u ti d n a r u t u T . h a m u r i d i d a jr e

t egeramakan.

) 3 5 : 1 0 0 2 , g n u r a L ( a g u j a y n i s a N . k a N ,s a n a p h a d u s a y n n o w a R “ .

8 Kontekst uturan :penuturl elak iberusiasektia r25t ahun .Mirtat utu rmerupakani bu dar ipenutu .rt uturan d

u s k a m n a g n e d g n u r a L a d a p e k u b i h e l o n a k r u t u ti d n a r u t u T . h a m u r i d i d a jr e

t aga rLarungs egeramakan.

) 6 5 : 1 0 0 2 , g n u r a L ( ” ? it n a n u a t a g n a r a k e s n a k a m n i g n i p u m a K . n i g n i d a y n g n i g a d i t n a N “ .

9 Kontek stuturan :Penutu rdan mirta tutu radalah sepasang kekasih .Percakapan tejrad id ikama rhotel . a

d a p e k r a h i S h e l o n a k r u t u ti d n a r u t u

T Laliaaga rLalias egeramelupakanSiha.r

? a i d h a k a p a i tr e p e S . g n u d n a g n e m a s i b k a t a i a w h a b n i a l e s , u m ir t s i g n a t n e t a ti r e c r e b k a y n a b k a t u m a K “

) 1 2 1 : 1 0 0 2 , g n u r a L ( ” ? a n a h r e d e s , k e l o s e p , k u m e g , g n i s g n a L

.

4 TindakTutur TidakLangsungTidakLtieral .

1 Kontekst uturan :Siha rdanLaliaadalahs epasangkekasih ,percakapant ejrad id ikama rhote ld iNew h u t a j g n il a s n a d r il a g n e m a k e r e m n a a s a r e p n a k r a i b m e m p a t e t r a h i S r a g a a li a L n a k r u t u ti d n a r u t u T , k r o Y

. a t n i c

n a a s a r e p n a k r a i b u m a k h a k a s i b k a d i T

“ -perasaanktiamengalri?”( Larung ,2001 :98) .

2 Kontekst uturan :YasmindanCokbersahabat ,keduanyaperempuanberusias ektia r25t ahun ,percakapan n a m a S g n a t n e t k u r u b n a ri k i p r e b k a d it k o C r a g a n i m s a Y h e l o n a k r u t u ti d n a r u t u T , l e t o h r a m a k i d i d a jr e t

. a y n n a g n a s a p

a M

“ sakamu piki rdiamengejrakan tiu semuahanyauntuk bala sdendam?”Yasmin agak ketu .s( Larung , )

7 0 1 : 1 0 0 2

S I S P O N I S g n a y h o k o t g n a r o e s n a k h a s i g n e m i m a t U u y A a y r a k g n u r a L l e v o N h a l a d a a y n k e n e N . a y n k e n e n h u n u b m e m n i g n i g n a y g n a n a L g n u r a L a m a n r e b a i n u d i r a d n a k u b n a a s a u k e k n a k i s k a y n e m g n a y a r u a t a h il e m u p m a m g n a y g n a r o h u b u t , k ir i y s g n a y b i a h g m a l a i r a d n a k n i a l e m a i s u n a

m neneknya penuh susuk ,

a p a j i s ir e b a y n it a

h -japa ,danpik riannyahanyamanrta .NeneknyabernamaAnjani . i r a c n e m g n u r a L u l a l a y n k e n e n h u n u b m e m g n u r a L n a k n i g n i g n e m g n a y h a l a y n u b I n a k r a u l e g n e m a s i b r a g a a y n k e n e n a i s a h a

r jampi-jamp idairt ubuhnyadanakhrinya

Larung bisa menemukan dokumen yang membeirnya petunjuk mengena isejarah a y n n a n a l a jr e p h a l e t e S . a y n k e n e

n selesa iakhrinyaneneknyamat.i

a li a L n a d , n i m s a Y , k o C t a a s , 6 9 9 1 n u h a t e k h il a r e b n a i d u m e k a ti r e C n u k a h S a m a s r e b a k e r e m t a b a h a s k o g n e n e m k u t n u a n a c n e r e

b talayangakan t ampi l

a i s e n o d n I n a m i n e s i s a r o b a l o k n a i n e s e k n a k k u j n u tr e p m a l a

d -Ameirka .Shakuntala

r e k e b g n a y n i m s a Y . ir a n e p i a g a b e s i s e f o r p r e b n a d k r o Y w e N i d l a g g n

it jasebaga i

v it k a a tr e s a r a c a g n e

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