Fenomena Pengemis Musiman.
in;/ahkoran
o Selas.
17
18
19
OJan Oi'eb
.0 Rabu
0 KamTs
0 Jumat
0 Sabtu
4
5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
6
7
8
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 ~
20 21UTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
oMel
OMar OApr
0 AgsO
OJun .Jul
16
31
0NoV 0 Des
Sap OOId
\
en mena Pen mi
•
U51ma
e rd a sa rk a n
EIsya Tri Ahaddini
B
Fakultas Hukum Unpad
S E T lA P R a m a d a n
tiba,
k o m u n ita s
p e n g e m is
berkembang
pesat. D a t a n g dari
b e rb a g a i
m e rc k a
p e lo s o k ,
b e ro p e ra si
di pusat-pusat
k e r a m a t a n kota,
m e n g h a ra p
R am adan.
ini
b e rk a h
Persoalan
te ru s te rja d i
dari tahun ke
tahun. P e r n e r - i r r t a h
m e m a n g telah
b e rb a g a i
namun
ikhtiar,
b e lu m ju g a
solusi
paling efektif.
m e n ju m p a i
p e n g e m is k o n te m p o re r
k o n tin u
a d a la h 2 5 .6 6 2
p e n g e rn is y a n g h id u p n y a
p e n g e m is
te rb u k a . B e rb e d a d e n g a n
m e m ilik i a lte rn a tif,
1 7 5 .4 7 8
o ra n g . D ilih a t d a ri a s p e k p e n y e b a b ,
p e n g e m is
m o tif
u n tu k
d a n la ta r b e la k a n g n y a , k o n d is i
ta k
k e lo m p o k
in i m e m ilik i p e lu a n g
m em bebaskan
d iri d a ri
p e n g ~ m is m e m a n g b e ra g a m . T a p i,
p ro fe s i k e p e n g e m is a n n y a .
d a la m s a tu s is i, m e re k a
m a s ih m e m ilik i a lte rn a tif
sem ua
a d a la h s a m a , y a k n i b e ra n g k a t
k e m is k in a n
b e ru p a k e te ra m p ila n .
d a ri
s a ja k e te ra m p ila n
k e m is k in a n .
H a l y a n g m e n y e d ih k a n ,
b e rk e m b a n g ,
d a ta
Keempat,
m e n g e lu a rk a n
d a ta b e rb e d a . B a d a n
P u s a t S ta tis tik
m e m u b lik a s ik a n
a n g k a k e m is k in a n
s e m e n ta ra
b e b e ra p a
p o litik te rte n tu
k e m is k in a n
p a rta i
angka
R am adan
m a k s im a l.
p a d a d is p a rita s
m e m e ra n g i
tid a k
p ro g ra m
k e m is k in a n .
m o m e n tu m
penanganan
p e n g e n ta s a n
y a n g te p a t, s e h in g g a
'a l i h p r o f e s i '- n y a
b e ru p a
p e n d id ik a n
p e n g e m is ta k e u k u p h a n y a
anak,
m e n g a n d a lk a n P e rd a v ia g e b ra k a n
S a tp o l P P . L e b ih d a ri itu , p e n g a m b il
k e b ija k a n p e rlu m e n y e la m i
p e rs o a la n s e tia p tip e
~
p e n g e m is , s e h in g g a
~~
le b ih
d
fo k u s d a n te p a t s a s a ra n .
I l.U S
E n g k u s K u s w a rn o , p e n e liti
m a s a la h s o s ia l, m e n y e b u tk a n
Pertama
la n ta ra n
tra d is i. D i s in i, m e n g e m is
k o n te m p o re r
K o m u n ita s
e k e rja a n
m e ru p a k a n
y a n g b e ru la n g -u la n g
k o n tin u
a ta u
p e n g e m is
te rtu tu p .
in i h id u p ta n p a
a lte rn a tif
la in .
t\SIINI\.AH/sr~!.MAN
Kllpln2
-,
Hu m a s Unpad
ta k s e la m a n y a
m e m p e rs ia p k a n
penem uan
opinio necessitas. Kedua
la in .
p e rlu d ip ilih
m e re k a m e m in ta -m in ta .
s o lu s i e fe k tif, s e b a b p e n e rtib a n
k e b ia s a a n
in i
u n tu k
p e k e rja a n
in i m e n y a d a ri
p e n g e rn is y a n g te rla h ir
p e k e rja a n
b is a e fe k tif. P e n g e m is k e lo m p o k
k e m is k in a n .
M e n g u a s a i p e rs o a la n d e n g a n
5 k a te g o ri p e n g e m is .
h a ri ra y a .
p e n g e m is b e re n e a n a .
G u n a m e n a n g a n in y a ,
k e b e rh a s ila n
penanganannya
a ta u s itu a s i b u la n
m e n je la n g
m e n d a p a tk a n
angkat
m e n in g k a t
k o n d is i ik lim ,
s e b a g a i b a tu lo n c a ta n
A d a b e rb a g a i a s p e k y a n g tu ru t
m e n e n tu k a n
dan
M e re k a m e m ilih
b a g a im a n a
dan
p a d a k o n d is i m u s i.m .
Kelima,
a n g k a -a n g k a
se m u a u n su r m a sy a ra k a t
k o n te m p o re r,
m e re k a b ia s a n y a
s e p e rti k e m a ra u ,
m e m a p a rk a n
s ta tis tik , m e la in k a n
s e n ja ta
J u m la h
s u lit
p e lu a n g ,
p e n g e m is
k a re n a te rd o ro n g
N a m u n , in ti p e rs o a la n n y a
te rle ta k
b e rg a n tu n g
le rn b a g a
s u rv e i y a n g d is p o n s o ri
H anya
te rs e b u t
y a n g b e rs ifa t s e m e n ta ra
p a lin g m in im a l,
M e re k a
p e k e rja a n ,
a k ib a t k e tid a k p ia w a ia n
m e m a n fa a tk a n
k e ra p d ija d ik a n
k o m o d iti p o litik . B e rb a g a i le m b a g a
b a ik m e m u n g k in k a n
m enem puh
Ketiga,
2 0 1 0 , ju m la h
g e la n d a n g a n
o ra n g , d a n ju m la h
Alumnus
:
d a ta K e m e n te ria n
S o s ia l ta h u n
2012
FARISl
M e re k a
in v e s ta s i
ta b u n g a n
u n tu k
m u n g k in
m o d a l, a ta u
M e n g a k h iri
b e n d a tid a k b e rg e ra k .
S e tid a k n y a , k e lim a tip e p e n g e m is
b e ra rti
in id a p a tm e n y e d e rh a n a k ~ n
k o m p le k s ita s
m a s a la h , k a re n a
s e tia p
m e m b u tu h k a n
s o lu s i b e rb e d a .
P e n g e m is y a n g
te rla h ir
la n ta ra n
p e rlu tin d a k a n
te rs e b u t,
m aupun
a n ta ra
tra d is i
y a k n i m u n c u ln y a
d iri p e n g e m is
I
tra d is i, m is a ln y a ,
m e m u tu s
k e sa d a ra n
(self awareness)
tin d a k a n
p e m e rin ta h
m e n g a b a ik a n
P ra h a la n d
je n is p e n g e m is
k e m is k in a n
m em ang
ta k m u d a h . N a m u n , m e m b ia rk a n n y a
CK
Bottom of Pyramid
m e n y e b u tk a n ,
b ia y a k e m is k in a n .
W a rg a m is k in
k e ra p m e m b a y a r
le b ih m a h a l
d ib a n d in g
k e lo m p o k
m enengah
k e a ta s . M is a ln y a
tra n s p o rta s i.
ekonom i
K e lo m p o k
b e rp e n d a p a ta n
te rin te g ra s i
k e a d ila n .
The Fortune at the
d a la m
re n d a h
le b ih b a n y a k
tin g g a l d i p e lo s o k k o ta , s e h in g g a
d a n le m b a g a
h a ru s m e m b a y a r
o n g k o s tra n s p o rta s i
D o m p e t d u a fa
y a n g re la tifle b ih
m ahal dengan
y a n g d ik o m b in a s ik a n
p e m b in a a n
fa s ilita s re la tifb u n ik .
p e rs u a s ifm e ru p a k a n
m o d e l s o lu s i
s w a d a y a m a s y a ra k a t.
a lte rn a tif.
Sedangkan
k o n te rn p o re r
p a d a p e n g e m is
k o n tin u ,
p e rlu in te rv e n s i
y a n g d a p a t m e n ja m in
tid a k a k a n m e n d a p a t
m e n g h in a k a n
se c a ra m a k ro
le m b a g a n e g a ra
te rs is ih
p e rtu m b u h a n
e k o n o m i y a n g m e re k a
k a re n a
h a s il
n ik m a ti te ru s
m e n u ru n ,
d a r i 2 0 ,9 2 %
p a d a 2 0 0 0 m e n ja d i 1 9 ,2 % p a d a 2 0 0 6 .
b a h w a m e re k a
p e rla k u a n
S e la in itu , s e b a n y a k 4 0 % k a u m
p a p a s e m a k in
yang
(mustadhafin).
----
A rtin y a , 2 0 % k e lo m p o k
d a n 4 0 % k e lo m p o k
te rk a y a
m e n e n g a h la h
y a n g le b ih b a n y a k m e n ik m a ti
p e rtu m b u h a n
u n tu k
kue
e k o n o m i. A lh a s il,
m e n d a p a tk a n
a k s e s p e la y a n a n
d a s a r, g o lo n g a n tid a k m a m p u
b e rk o rb a n
h a ru s
le b ih b a n y a k ,
D i Y o g y a k a rta , s e o ra n g p e n e liti
p e rn a h
m e n g im p le m e n ta s ik a n
(Achievement
Motivation Training) p a d a
m e to d e A M T
p e n g e m is
120
d a ri d u a d e sa , y a n g
m e n g a ja rk a n
k e c e rm a ta n ,
n o rm a , la tih a n
d is k u s i, d a n p e n a ja m a n
p e rs e p s id iri.
D a s a r p e m ik ira n
m e to d e
i n i a d a l a h 'p e n i n g k a t a n
p re s ta s i
b e rk a ita n
la n g s u n g
n a i k n y a p e n g h a s i l a n '.
p ro g ra m , p a ra p e n g e m is
d a la m
a k tiv ita s in d u s tria l
b a n tu a n
dengan
P a d a a k h ir
d ilib a tk a n
dengan
m o d a l d a ri D in a s S o s ia l.
. F a k ta n y a , ik h tia r
d a n b e rja la n
in i c u k u p e fe k tif
c u k u p b a ik .
S e m e n ta ra itu , M e n te ri S o s ia l
S a lim S e g a f A I J u fri m e n y e b u tk a n ,
g e la n d a n g a n d a n p e n g e m is s e la m a
b u la n R a m a d a n tid a k b is a d itia d a k a n
k a re n a k e m u n g k in a n
m e re k a b e n a r-
b e n a r m a s y a ra k a t y a n g s a n g a t m is k in .
B is a ja d i, p e n d a p a t
b e n a rn y a ,
nam un
M ensos ada
p e rlu d is a d a ri
b a h w a ta k a d a o ra n g m e ra s a
m e n ja la n i
m u lia
p ro fe s i p e n g e m is . D e n g a n
te ta p fo k u s p a d a s o lu s i fu n d a m e n ta l,
disertaipolitical will danpolitical
action y a n g d i k e m a s d a l a m u p a y a
s im u lta n
dengan dasar hukum
je la s , b u k a n ta k m u n g k in
p e n g e m is
R am adan
p e n g e m is
la in n y a d a p a t te ra ta s i
s e c a ra b e rta h a p .
d a n tip e -tip e
P e n e ra p a n
A M T ta d i h a n y a la h
yang
fe n o m e n a
m e to d e
s a la h s a tu d a ri
s e k ia n b a n y a k s o lu s i y a n g d a p a t
d ite m p u h .
(* )
o Selas.
17
18
19
OJan Oi'eb
.0 Rabu
0 KamTs
0 Jumat
0 Sabtu
4
5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
6
7
8
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 ~
20 21UTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
oMel
OMar OApr
0 AgsO
OJun .Jul
16
31
0NoV 0 Des
Sap OOId
\
en mena Pen mi
•
U51ma
e rd a sa rk a n
EIsya Tri Ahaddini
B
Fakultas Hukum Unpad
S E T lA P R a m a d a n
tiba,
k o m u n ita s
p e n g e m is
berkembang
pesat. D a t a n g dari
b e rb a g a i
m e rc k a
p e lo s o k ,
b e ro p e ra si
di pusat-pusat
k e r a m a t a n kota,
m e n g h a ra p
R am adan.
ini
b e rk a h
Persoalan
te ru s te rja d i
dari tahun ke
tahun. P e r n e r - i r r t a h
m e m a n g telah
b e rb a g a i
namun
ikhtiar,
b e lu m ju g a
solusi
paling efektif.
m e n ju m p a i
p e n g e m is k o n te m p o re r
k o n tin u
a d a la h 2 5 .6 6 2
p e n g e rn is y a n g h id u p n y a
p e n g e m is
te rb u k a . B e rb e d a d e n g a n
m e m ilik i a lte rn a tif,
1 7 5 .4 7 8
o ra n g . D ilih a t d a ri a s p e k p e n y e b a b ,
p e n g e m is
m o tif
u n tu k
d a n la ta r b e la k a n g n y a , k o n d is i
ta k
k e lo m p o k
in i m e m ilik i p e lu a n g
m em bebaskan
d iri d a ri
p e n g ~ m is m e m a n g b e ra g a m . T a p i,
p ro fe s i k e p e n g e m is a n n y a .
d a la m s a tu s is i, m e re k a
m a s ih m e m ilik i a lte rn a tif
sem ua
a d a la h s a m a , y a k n i b e ra n g k a t
k e m is k in a n
b e ru p a k e te ra m p ila n .
d a ri
s a ja k e te ra m p ila n
k e m is k in a n .
H a l y a n g m e n y e d ih k a n ,
b e rk e m b a n g ,
d a ta
Keempat,
m e n g e lu a rk a n
d a ta b e rb e d a . B a d a n
P u s a t S ta tis tik
m e m u b lik a s ik a n
a n g k a k e m is k in a n
s e m e n ta ra
b e b e ra p a
p o litik te rte n tu
k e m is k in a n
p a rta i
angka
R am adan
m a k s im a l.
p a d a d is p a rita s
m e m e ra n g i
tid a k
p ro g ra m
k e m is k in a n .
m o m e n tu m
penanganan
p e n g e n ta s a n
y a n g te p a t, s e h in g g a
'a l i h p r o f e s i '- n y a
b e ru p a
p e n d id ik a n
p e n g e m is ta k e u k u p h a n y a
anak,
m e n g a n d a lk a n P e rd a v ia g e b ra k a n
S a tp o l P P . L e b ih d a ri itu , p e n g a m b il
k e b ija k a n p e rlu m e n y e la m i
p e rs o a la n s e tia p tip e
~
p e n g e m is , s e h in g g a
~~
le b ih
d
fo k u s d a n te p a t s a s a ra n .
I l.U S
E n g k u s K u s w a rn o , p e n e liti
m a s a la h s o s ia l, m e n y e b u tk a n
Pertama
la n ta ra n
tra d is i. D i s in i, m e n g e m is
k o n te m p o re r
K o m u n ita s
e k e rja a n
m e ru p a k a n
y a n g b e ru la n g -u la n g
k o n tin u
a ta u
p e n g e m is
te rtu tu p .
in i h id u p ta n p a
a lte rn a tif
la in .
t\SIINI\.AH/sr~!.MAN
Kllpln2
-,
Hu m a s Unpad
ta k s e la m a n y a
m e m p e rs ia p k a n
penem uan
opinio necessitas. Kedua
la in .
p e rlu d ip ilih
m e re k a m e m in ta -m in ta .
s o lu s i e fe k tif, s e b a b p e n e rtib a n
k e b ia s a a n
in i
u n tu k
p e k e rja a n
in i m e n y a d a ri
p e n g e rn is y a n g te rla h ir
p e k e rja a n
b is a e fe k tif. P e n g e m is k e lo m p o k
k e m is k in a n .
M e n g u a s a i p e rs o a la n d e n g a n
5 k a te g o ri p e n g e m is .
h a ri ra y a .
p e n g e m is b e re n e a n a .
G u n a m e n a n g a n in y a ,
k e b e rh a s ila n
penanganannya
a ta u s itu a s i b u la n
m e n je la n g
m e n d a p a tk a n
angkat
m e n in g k a t
k o n d is i ik lim ,
s e b a g a i b a tu lo n c a ta n
A d a b e rb a g a i a s p e k y a n g tu ru t
m e n e n tu k a n
dan
M e re k a m e m ilih
b a g a im a n a
dan
p a d a k o n d is i m u s i.m .
Kelima,
a n g k a -a n g k a
se m u a u n su r m a sy a ra k a t
k o n te m p o re r,
m e re k a b ia s a n y a
s e p e rti k e m a ra u ,
m e m a p a rk a n
s ta tis tik , m e la in k a n
s e n ja ta
J u m la h
s u lit
p e lu a n g ,
p e n g e m is
k a re n a te rd o ro n g
N a m u n , in ti p e rs o a la n n y a
te rle ta k
b e rg a n tu n g
le rn b a g a
s u rv e i y a n g d is p o n s o ri
H anya
te rs e b u t
y a n g b e rs ifa t s e m e n ta ra
p a lin g m in im a l,
M e re k a
p e k e rja a n ,
a k ib a t k e tid a k p ia w a ia n
m e m a n fa a tk a n
k e ra p d ija d ik a n
k o m o d iti p o litik . B e rb a g a i le m b a g a
b a ik m e m u n g k in k a n
m enem puh
Ketiga,
2 0 1 0 , ju m la h
g e la n d a n g a n
o ra n g , d a n ju m la h
Alumnus
:
d a ta K e m e n te ria n
S o s ia l ta h u n
2012
FARISl
M e re k a
in v e s ta s i
ta b u n g a n
u n tu k
m u n g k in
m o d a l, a ta u
M e n g a k h iri
b e n d a tid a k b e rg e ra k .
S e tid a k n y a , k e lim a tip e p e n g e m is
b e ra rti
in id a p a tm e n y e d e rh a n a k ~ n
k o m p le k s ita s
m a s a la h , k a re n a
s e tia p
m e m b u tu h k a n
s o lu s i b e rb e d a .
P e n g e m is y a n g
te rla h ir
la n ta ra n
p e rlu tin d a k a n
te rs e b u t,
m aupun
a n ta ra
tra d is i
y a k n i m u n c u ln y a
d iri p e n g e m is
I
tra d is i, m is a ln y a ,
m e m u tu s
k e sa d a ra n
(self awareness)
tin d a k a n
p e m e rin ta h
m e n g a b a ik a n
P ra h a la n d
je n is p e n g e m is
k e m is k in a n
m em ang
ta k m u d a h . N a m u n , m e m b ia rk a n n y a
CK
Bottom of Pyramid
m e n y e b u tk a n ,
b ia y a k e m is k in a n .
W a rg a m is k in
k e ra p m e m b a y a r
le b ih m a h a l
d ib a n d in g
k e lo m p o k
m enengah
k e a ta s . M is a ln y a
tra n s p o rta s i.
ekonom i
K e lo m p o k
b e rp e n d a p a ta n
te rin te g ra s i
k e a d ila n .
The Fortune at the
d a la m
re n d a h
le b ih b a n y a k
tin g g a l d i p e lo s o k k o ta , s e h in g g a
d a n le m b a g a
h a ru s m e m b a y a r
o n g k o s tra n s p o rta s i
D o m p e t d u a fa
y a n g re la tifle b ih
m ahal dengan
y a n g d ik o m b in a s ik a n
p e m b in a a n
fa s ilita s re la tifb u n ik .
p e rs u a s ifm e ru p a k a n
m o d e l s o lu s i
s w a d a y a m a s y a ra k a t.
a lte rn a tif.
Sedangkan
k o n te rn p o re r
p a d a p e n g e m is
k o n tin u ,
p e rlu in te rv e n s i
y a n g d a p a t m e n ja m in
tid a k a k a n m e n d a p a t
m e n g h in a k a n
se c a ra m a k ro
le m b a g a n e g a ra
te rs is ih
p e rtu m b u h a n
e k o n o m i y a n g m e re k a
k a re n a
h a s il
n ik m a ti te ru s
m e n u ru n ,
d a r i 2 0 ,9 2 %
p a d a 2 0 0 0 m e n ja d i 1 9 ,2 % p a d a 2 0 0 6 .
b a h w a m e re k a
p e rla k u a n
S e la in itu , s e b a n y a k 4 0 % k a u m
p a p a s e m a k in
yang
(mustadhafin).
----
A rtin y a , 2 0 % k e lo m p o k
d a n 4 0 % k e lo m p o k
te rk a y a
m e n e n g a h la h
y a n g le b ih b a n y a k m e n ik m a ti
p e rtu m b u h a n
u n tu k
kue
e k o n o m i. A lh a s il,
m e n d a p a tk a n
a k s e s p e la y a n a n
d a s a r, g o lo n g a n tid a k m a m p u
b e rk o rb a n
h a ru s
le b ih b a n y a k ,
D i Y o g y a k a rta , s e o ra n g p e n e liti
p e rn a h
m e n g im p le m e n ta s ik a n
(Achievement
Motivation Training) p a d a
m e to d e A M T
p e n g e m is
120
d a ri d u a d e sa , y a n g
m e n g a ja rk a n
k e c e rm a ta n ,
n o rm a , la tih a n
d is k u s i, d a n p e n a ja m a n
p e rs e p s id iri.
D a s a r p e m ik ira n
m e to d e
i n i a d a l a h 'p e n i n g k a t a n
p re s ta s i
b e rk a ita n
la n g s u n g
n a i k n y a p e n g h a s i l a n '.
p ro g ra m , p a ra p e n g e m is
d a la m
a k tiv ita s in d u s tria l
b a n tu a n
dengan
P a d a a k h ir
d ilib a tk a n
dengan
m o d a l d a ri D in a s S o s ia l.
. F a k ta n y a , ik h tia r
d a n b e rja la n
in i c u k u p e fe k tif
c u k u p b a ik .
S e m e n ta ra itu , M e n te ri S o s ia l
S a lim S e g a f A I J u fri m e n y e b u tk a n ,
g e la n d a n g a n d a n p e n g e m is s e la m a
b u la n R a m a d a n tid a k b is a d itia d a k a n
k a re n a k e m u n g k in a n
m e re k a b e n a r-
b e n a r m a s y a ra k a t y a n g s a n g a t m is k in .
B is a ja d i, p e n d a p a t
b e n a rn y a ,
nam un
M ensos ada
p e rlu d is a d a ri
b a h w a ta k a d a o ra n g m e ra s a
m e n ja la n i
m u lia
p ro fe s i p e n g e m is . D e n g a n
te ta p fo k u s p a d a s o lu s i fu n d a m e n ta l,
disertaipolitical will danpolitical
action y a n g d i k e m a s d a l a m u p a y a
s im u lta n
dengan dasar hukum
je la s , b u k a n ta k m u n g k in
p e n g e m is
R am adan
p e n g e m is
la in n y a d a p a t te ra ta s i
s e c a ra b e rta h a p .
d a n tip e -tip e
P e n e ra p a n
A M T ta d i h a n y a la h
yang
fe n o m e n a
m e to d e
s a la h s a tu d a ri
s e k ia n b a n y a k s o lu s i y a n g d a p a t
d ite m p u h .
(* )