Penambahan Enzim Fitase di Dalam Pakan Konvensional Terhadap Performans,Pemanfaatan Fosfor dalam Pakandan IOFC Ayam Broiler
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amerah, A. M., and V. Ravindran. 2009. Influence of maize particle size and
microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilization
and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters. Anim. Prod. Sci. 49:704–
710.
Amrullah , I K.2004. NutrisiAyamBroiler.LembagaSatuGunung Budi. Bogor
Angel, R., Tamim, N.M, Applegate, T.J, Dhandu, A.S, Ellestad, L.E.
2002.Phyticacid chemistry: Influence onphytin-phosphorus availability
and phytase efficacy. J ApplPoult Res 11: 471-480.
Anggorodi, R. 1985. IlmuMakananTernakUnggas.UI Press. Jakarta.
Anggorodi, H.R. 1995. Nutrisi Aneka TernakUnggas. PTGramediaPustakaUtama.
Jakarta.
Arthibald, J., Otto, H., siegmun., Clarence., Frasser. 1979. The Merck Veterinary
Manual.Merck& Co, Ino. USA.
Augspurger. N. R., D. M. Webel., X.G. Lei and D. H. Baker. 2003. Efficacy of an
E. Coli Phytase Expressed in Yeast for Releasing Phytate-Bound
Phosphorus in Young Chick and Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81 : 474-483.
BasfdanBam,
2002.The
Natural
lugwigshafen,Germany
Key
ToHigter
Yields.
BASF,
Campbell, W., 1984. Principles of Fermentation TegnologyPergamanPress, New
York.
Doeschate R. A. H. M., C. W. Scheele., V. V. A. M Schreursdan J.D Vander
Klis.1993. Digestibility.Studies in Broiler Chickens.Influence of Genotype,
Age, SexandMethode of Determination, British Poultry Science.
Edjeng, S danKartasudjana, R. 2006.ManajemenTernakUnggas.PenebarSwadaya.
Jakarta.
Ensminger, M., E. Old Field J. E., Heinemann W. W. 1990.Feeds and
Nutrotion.Second Edition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, USA.
Fadilalah, Roni. 2013. BeternakAyam Broiler. Agomedia, Jakarta Selatan.
Fadilah, R., A. Polana, S. Alam, dan E. Parwanto.2007.SuksesBeternakAyam
Broiler.PT AgromediaPustaka. Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Faber, M., J.D. Kvalsvig, C.J. Lombard, and A.J.S. Benade. 2005. Effect of a
Fortified Maize - Meal Pooridgeon Anemia, Micronutrient Status, and
Motor Development of Infants. Am JClinNutr. 82:1032 – 1039
Greiner, R and Sajidan. 2008. Production of D-myoinositol (1,2,4,5,6) Pentakisphosphate Using Alginate-entrapped recombinant Pantoeaaglomerans
Glicose-1-phosphatse. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Biotechnolog.An
International Journal, Vol 51, n.2, pp 235-246.
Greiner, R., U. Konietzny, and K. D. Jany. 1993. Purification and
characterization oftwophytases from Escherichia coli. Archives
Biochemistry and Biophysics 303: 107-113.
Handayani,
D.2004.
PenambahanatauenzimPhytasedalamransumberbasisdedakpaditerhadapper
formaayam broiler petelurdankandungan vitamin A serta mineral
dalamtelur.Skripsi. Institute Pertanian Bogor.
Harper, R. 1997: “A simplified account of polymorphic references” [Inform.
Process.ett. 51 (1994), no. 4, 201–206; MR 95f:68142]. Information
Processing Letters, 57 (1): 15–L16, January 1996.
Inagawa, J., Kiyosawa, I., and Nagasawa, T. 1987. Effect of phytic ac id on the
hydrolysis of lactose with beta-galactosidase. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51,
3027-3032.
James, R. G. 2004. Modern livestock and Poultry Production.7thEdition.Thomson
Delmar Learning Inc. FFA Activities. London.
Joong, K.Y., A. Liavoga, K. Bagorogo, and M. OkotKotber. 2000. Characterizing
of phytase from bran and various wheat cultivars. American Ass. J. of
Cereal Chemists, Inc. 9: 5-6.
Khan, S.A., H.R. Chaudhry, Y.S. Butt, T. Jameel, and F. Ahmad. 2013. The Effect
of Phytase Enzyme on the Performance of Broiler Flock. Poult. Sci. J.
1(2): 117-125.
Kornegay ET, Denbow DM, Yi Z, Ravindran V. 1996. Response of Broiler to
Graded Levels of Natuphos Phytase added to Corn-Soybean Meal- Based
DietsContaining Three Levels of Non Phytate Phosphorus. Brit J Nutr 75:
839-852.
Kornegay, E.T. 2001. Digestion of Phosporus and Other Nutrients :The Role of
PhytatesandFactors Influencing Their Activity. Department of Animal
and Poultry Sciences.Virginia Polytechnic Institut and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Kusriningrum.2008.
DasarRancanganPercobaandanRancanganAcakLengkap.FakultasKedokte
ranHewan. UniversitasAirlangga. Surabaya
Leeson S, Summers JD. 2001. Nutrition of the Chicken. Edisi ke-4. Canada:
University Books
Lestari. 1992. Menentukan Bibit Broiler. Peternakan Indonesia.
Li, Y.C., Ledoux D.R., Veum T.L., Raboy V., and Ertl D.S. 2000.Effects of low
phytic acid corn on phosphorus utilization, performance and bone
mineralization in broiler chicks.Poult. Sci. 79: 1444–1450.
Lolas, M. And P. Markakis. 1977. Phytase of navy beans. J.Food Sci. 42 (4):
1094-1097.
Makkar, H.P.S., 1994. Anti Nutritional Factors in Food Livestock.In Occasional
Publication.British Society of Animal Production.
Mathius,
IW.,Sinurat
AP.2001.
PemanfaatanBahanPakanKonvensionalUntukTernak. Wartazao 11 (12):
20-13
Mulyadi. 2014. BukubeternakAyamKampung, AyamPedaging, danAyamArab.
Jakarta selatan.Flashbook
North andBell. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual, New York.
(NRC) National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Ed
Rev ke-9. Washington DC: Academy Pr.
Onofiok, N. O. and D.O. Nnanyelugo. 2006. Weaning Food in West Africa:
Nutricional Problems and Posible Solution.
Onyango EM, Dilger RN, Sands JS, Adeola O. 2004. Evaluation of microbial
phytase in broiler diets 1. Poult Sci 83 : 962-970.
Perney KM, Cantor AH, Straw ML, Herkelman KL. 1993. The effect of dietary
phytase on growth performance and phosphorus utilization of broiler
chicks,Poult Sci 70: 947-954.
Proll, J., K.J. Petzke, I.E. Ezeagu, and Metges. 1981. Low Nutritional Quality of
Unconventional Tropical Crop Seeds in Rats. J. Nutr. 128:2014- 2022.
Rao, S.V.R, V.R. Reddy, and R.V. Ravindran. 1999. Enhancement of phytate
phosphorus availability in the diets of commercial broilers and layers. J.
Anim.Feed Sci. Tecnol. 79 : 211 – 222.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Rasyaf, M., 1997.PenyajianMakananAyamPetelur.Kanisius. Yogyakarta
Rasyaf, M., 2004.BeternakAyamPedaging. Jakarta. PenebarSwadaya
Ravindran,
V.,
Bryden,
W/L,
Kornegay,
E.T.
1995.Phytases:
Occurancebioavaibility and implication in poultry nutrition. Poultry and
Avian
Biology Reviews 6 (2): 125-143.
Ravindran V, S Cabahug, G Ravindran, WL Bryden and PH Selle. 2001.
Response of Broilers to Microbial Phytase Supplementation as Influenced
ByDietaryPhytic Acid and Non- Phytate Phosphorus Levels. II. Effects
on Nutrient Digestibility and Retention. Br. Poult. Sci 41:193-200
Reddy, N. R., M. D. Pierson, S. K. Sathe, and D. K. Salunkhe. 1982. Fitates in
cereals and legumes. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
Reddy, N.R., M.D. Pierson, S.K. Sathe, and D.K. Salunkhe.1989. Phytasesin
Cereals and Legumes.CRCPress.Inc. Boca Raton. FLA.
Santoso, U. 1987. LimbahBahanRansumUnggas
BhrataraKaryaAksara. Jakarta.
Yang
Rasional.PT
Shieh, T.R. and J.H. Ware. 1968. Survey of microorganismsfor the production of
Extracellularphytase.Appl.Microbiol. 16 (9): 1348-1351.
Shin, S., N.C. Ha, B.C. Oh, T.K. Oh, and B.H. Oh. 2001. Enzyme mechanism and
catalytic property of βpropeller phytase.Structure.9:851-858.Singh, P.K.
2008.Significance of phytic acid and supplemental phytasein chicken
nutrition: a review. World’s PoultSci J 64: 553-580.
Shirt, V. 2010. Howto Feed Chickens Part 2.allotreatment.org.uk/keepingchickens/feeding-chickens_2.php.Diaksestanggal 4 Maret 2011 pk 23.04.
Soetadiwiarna, E.H. 1991. Deteksi status mineral padaayampetelurmelalui
Pengamatankandungan mineral telurdanbiokimiapadadarah.
FakultasPascaSarjana. InstitutPertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Tesis
Suarsana, N., I. Dharmawan, I. Gorda, dan B.P. Priosoeryanto. 2011.
Tepungtempe kaya isoflavonmeningkatkankadarkalsium, fosfordan
estrogen plasma tikusbetina normal. JurnalVeteriner12(3): 229-234.
Sudaryani, T dan H. Santosa.2005.PemeliharaanAyamRasPetelur
KandangBaterai.PenebarSwadaya. Jakarta.
di
Sujiono, H. danSetiawan, 2002.AyamKampungPetelur.PenebarSwadaya.
Yogyakata.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Suprijatna,
E.,UmiyatiAtmomarsono.,RuhatKartasudjana.
IlmuDasarTernakUnggas. PenebarSwadaya. Jakarta.
2005.
Tamalluddin, Ferry. 2014. PanduanLengkapAyam Broiler.Penebarswadaya.
Jakarta
Wanasuria,S.
1995.
Kendalapemanfaatanmaksimumdedakpadidalampakan.Ilmiahpopular.Poul
try Indonesia.Edisi Desember 1995/190.20-23
Waldroup, P.W., Kerey J.H., Saleh E.A., Fritts C.A., Yan F., Stilborn H.L., Crum
R.C. Jr., Raboy V. 2000. Nonphytate phosphorus requirement and
phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal and
high available phosphate corn with and without microbial phytase. Poult.
Sci. 79: 1451–145
Walz, O.P. and J. Pallauf. 2002. Microbial Phytase combined with amino acid
supplementation reduce P and n excretion of growing and finishing pigs
without loss performance.Intl. J. Food Sci. Technol. 37: 835-848.
Wahju,
J.
1992.
IlmuNutrienUnggas.
GadjahMadaUniversityPress.Yogyakarta.
Cetakan
III.
Wahju, J., 1985. IlmuNutrisiUnggas.UGM-Press, Yogyakarta.
Wahju, J. 1988. IlmuNutrisiUnggas.Gadjah Mada University Press.Yogyakarta.
West, Willbert R. Todd, Howard S. M, John T.V.B. 1966. Text book of
Biochemistry. America.
Widodo, W. 2002.NutrisiPakanUnggasKontekstual.
PerikananUniversitasMuhammadiyah, Malang.
FakultasPeternakan-
Widowati S, Andriani D, Riyanti EI, Raharto OP, Sukarno L, 2001.Karakterisasi
FitasedariBacillus
coagulans.ProsidingSeminar
HasilPenelitianRintisandanBioteknologiTanaman.Hal.245–
55.BalaiPenelitianBioteknologiTanamanPangan, Bogor.
Viveros, A., A. Brenes, I. Arija, and C. Centeno. 2002. Effects of microbial
phytasesuplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities
in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult. Sci. 81(8):1172–
1183.
Zyla, K., J. Korelski, S. Swiatkiewicz, A. Wikiera, M. Kujawski, J. Piironen, and
D.R. Ledoux. 2000. Effect of phosphorylitic and cell walldegradingenzymes on the performance of growing broilers fed wheatbased diets containing different calcium levels.Poult. Sci. 79: 66–76.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Amerah, A. M., and V. Ravindran. 2009. Influence of maize particle size and
microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilization
and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters. Anim. Prod. Sci. 49:704–
710.
Amrullah , I K.2004. NutrisiAyamBroiler.LembagaSatuGunung Budi. Bogor
Angel, R., Tamim, N.M, Applegate, T.J, Dhandu, A.S, Ellestad, L.E.
2002.Phyticacid chemistry: Influence onphytin-phosphorus availability
and phytase efficacy. J ApplPoult Res 11: 471-480.
Anggorodi, R. 1985. IlmuMakananTernakUnggas.UI Press. Jakarta.
Anggorodi, H.R. 1995. Nutrisi Aneka TernakUnggas. PTGramediaPustakaUtama.
Jakarta.
Arthibald, J., Otto, H., siegmun., Clarence., Frasser. 1979. The Merck Veterinary
Manual.Merck& Co, Ino. USA.
Augspurger. N. R., D. M. Webel., X.G. Lei and D. H. Baker. 2003. Efficacy of an
E. Coli Phytase Expressed in Yeast for Releasing Phytate-Bound
Phosphorus in Young Chick and Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81 : 474-483.
BasfdanBam,
2002.The
Natural
lugwigshafen,Germany
Key
ToHigter
Yields.
BASF,
Campbell, W., 1984. Principles of Fermentation TegnologyPergamanPress, New
York.
Doeschate R. A. H. M., C. W. Scheele., V. V. A. M Schreursdan J.D Vander
Klis.1993. Digestibility.Studies in Broiler Chickens.Influence of Genotype,
Age, SexandMethode of Determination, British Poultry Science.
Edjeng, S danKartasudjana, R. 2006.ManajemenTernakUnggas.PenebarSwadaya.
Jakarta.
Ensminger, M., E. Old Field J. E., Heinemann W. W. 1990.Feeds and
Nutrotion.Second Edition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, USA.
Fadilalah, Roni. 2013. BeternakAyam Broiler. Agomedia, Jakarta Selatan.
Fadilah, R., A. Polana, S. Alam, dan E. Parwanto.2007.SuksesBeternakAyam
Broiler.PT AgromediaPustaka. Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Faber, M., J.D. Kvalsvig, C.J. Lombard, and A.J.S. Benade. 2005. Effect of a
Fortified Maize - Meal Pooridgeon Anemia, Micronutrient Status, and
Motor Development of Infants. Am JClinNutr. 82:1032 – 1039
Greiner, R and Sajidan. 2008. Production of D-myoinositol (1,2,4,5,6) Pentakisphosphate Using Alginate-entrapped recombinant Pantoeaaglomerans
Glicose-1-phosphatse. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Biotechnolog.An
International Journal, Vol 51, n.2, pp 235-246.
Greiner, R., U. Konietzny, and K. D. Jany. 1993. Purification and
characterization oftwophytases from Escherichia coli. Archives
Biochemistry and Biophysics 303: 107-113.
Handayani,
D.2004.
PenambahanatauenzimPhytasedalamransumberbasisdedakpaditerhadapper
formaayam broiler petelurdankandungan vitamin A serta mineral
dalamtelur.Skripsi. Institute Pertanian Bogor.
Harper, R. 1997: “A simplified account of polymorphic references” [Inform.
Process.ett. 51 (1994), no. 4, 201–206; MR 95f:68142]. Information
Processing Letters, 57 (1): 15–L16, January 1996.
Inagawa, J., Kiyosawa, I., and Nagasawa, T. 1987. Effect of phytic ac id on the
hydrolysis of lactose with beta-galactosidase. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51,
3027-3032.
James, R. G. 2004. Modern livestock and Poultry Production.7thEdition.Thomson
Delmar Learning Inc. FFA Activities. London.
Joong, K.Y., A. Liavoga, K. Bagorogo, and M. OkotKotber. 2000. Characterizing
of phytase from bran and various wheat cultivars. American Ass. J. of
Cereal Chemists, Inc. 9: 5-6.
Khan, S.A., H.R. Chaudhry, Y.S. Butt, T. Jameel, and F. Ahmad. 2013. The Effect
of Phytase Enzyme on the Performance of Broiler Flock. Poult. Sci. J.
1(2): 117-125.
Kornegay ET, Denbow DM, Yi Z, Ravindran V. 1996. Response of Broiler to
Graded Levels of Natuphos Phytase added to Corn-Soybean Meal- Based
DietsContaining Three Levels of Non Phytate Phosphorus. Brit J Nutr 75:
839-852.
Kornegay, E.T. 2001. Digestion of Phosporus and Other Nutrients :The Role of
PhytatesandFactors Influencing Their Activity. Department of Animal
and Poultry Sciences.Virginia Polytechnic Institut and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Kusriningrum.2008.
DasarRancanganPercobaandanRancanganAcakLengkap.FakultasKedokte
ranHewan. UniversitasAirlangga. Surabaya
Leeson S, Summers JD. 2001. Nutrition of the Chicken. Edisi ke-4. Canada:
University Books
Lestari. 1992. Menentukan Bibit Broiler. Peternakan Indonesia.
Li, Y.C., Ledoux D.R., Veum T.L., Raboy V., and Ertl D.S. 2000.Effects of low
phytic acid corn on phosphorus utilization, performance and bone
mineralization in broiler chicks.Poult. Sci. 79: 1444–1450.
Lolas, M. And P. Markakis. 1977. Phytase of navy beans. J.Food Sci. 42 (4):
1094-1097.
Makkar, H.P.S., 1994. Anti Nutritional Factors in Food Livestock.In Occasional
Publication.British Society of Animal Production.
Mathius,
IW.,Sinurat
AP.2001.
PemanfaatanBahanPakanKonvensionalUntukTernak. Wartazao 11 (12):
20-13
Mulyadi. 2014. BukubeternakAyamKampung, AyamPedaging, danAyamArab.
Jakarta selatan.Flashbook
North andBell. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual, New York.
(NRC) National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Ed
Rev ke-9. Washington DC: Academy Pr.
Onofiok, N. O. and D.O. Nnanyelugo. 2006. Weaning Food in West Africa:
Nutricional Problems and Posible Solution.
Onyango EM, Dilger RN, Sands JS, Adeola O. 2004. Evaluation of microbial
phytase in broiler diets 1. Poult Sci 83 : 962-970.
Perney KM, Cantor AH, Straw ML, Herkelman KL. 1993. The effect of dietary
phytase on growth performance and phosphorus utilization of broiler
chicks,Poult Sci 70: 947-954.
Proll, J., K.J. Petzke, I.E. Ezeagu, and Metges. 1981. Low Nutritional Quality of
Unconventional Tropical Crop Seeds in Rats. J. Nutr. 128:2014- 2022.
Rao, S.V.R, V.R. Reddy, and R.V. Ravindran. 1999. Enhancement of phytate
phosphorus availability in the diets of commercial broilers and layers. J.
Anim.Feed Sci. Tecnol. 79 : 211 – 222.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Rasyaf, M., 1997.PenyajianMakananAyamPetelur.Kanisius. Yogyakarta
Rasyaf, M., 2004.BeternakAyamPedaging. Jakarta. PenebarSwadaya
Ravindran,
V.,
Bryden,
W/L,
Kornegay,
E.T.
1995.Phytases:
Occurancebioavaibility and implication in poultry nutrition. Poultry and
Avian
Biology Reviews 6 (2): 125-143.
Ravindran V, S Cabahug, G Ravindran, WL Bryden and PH Selle. 2001.
Response of Broilers to Microbial Phytase Supplementation as Influenced
ByDietaryPhytic Acid and Non- Phytate Phosphorus Levels. II. Effects
on Nutrient Digestibility and Retention. Br. Poult. Sci 41:193-200
Reddy, N. R., M. D. Pierson, S. K. Sathe, and D. K. Salunkhe. 1982. Fitates in
cereals and legumes. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
Reddy, N.R., M.D. Pierson, S.K. Sathe, and D.K. Salunkhe.1989. Phytasesin
Cereals and Legumes.CRCPress.Inc. Boca Raton. FLA.
Santoso, U. 1987. LimbahBahanRansumUnggas
BhrataraKaryaAksara. Jakarta.
Yang
Rasional.PT
Shieh, T.R. and J.H. Ware. 1968. Survey of microorganismsfor the production of
Extracellularphytase.Appl.Microbiol. 16 (9): 1348-1351.
Shin, S., N.C. Ha, B.C. Oh, T.K. Oh, and B.H. Oh. 2001. Enzyme mechanism and
catalytic property of βpropeller phytase.Structure.9:851-858.Singh, P.K.
2008.Significance of phytic acid and supplemental phytasein chicken
nutrition: a review. World’s PoultSci J 64: 553-580.
Shirt, V. 2010. Howto Feed Chickens Part 2.allotreatment.org.uk/keepingchickens/feeding-chickens_2.php.Diaksestanggal 4 Maret 2011 pk 23.04.
Soetadiwiarna, E.H. 1991. Deteksi status mineral padaayampetelurmelalui
Pengamatankandungan mineral telurdanbiokimiapadadarah.
FakultasPascaSarjana. InstitutPertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Tesis
Suarsana, N., I. Dharmawan, I. Gorda, dan B.P. Priosoeryanto. 2011.
Tepungtempe kaya isoflavonmeningkatkankadarkalsium, fosfordan
estrogen plasma tikusbetina normal. JurnalVeteriner12(3): 229-234.
Sudaryani, T dan H. Santosa.2005.PemeliharaanAyamRasPetelur
KandangBaterai.PenebarSwadaya. Jakarta.
di
Sujiono, H. danSetiawan, 2002.AyamKampungPetelur.PenebarSwadaya.
Yogyakata.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Suprijatna,
E.,UmiyatiAtmomarsono.,RuhatKartasudjana.
IlmuDasarTernakUnggas. PenebarSwadaya. Jakarta.
2005.
Tamalluddin, Ferry. 2014. PanduanLengkapAyam Broiler.Penebarswadaya.
Jakarta
Wanasuria,S.
1995.
Kendalapemanfaatanmaksimumdedakpadidalampakan.Ilmiahpopular.Poul
try Indonesia.Edisi Desember 1995/190.20-23
Waldroup, P.W., Kerey J.H., Saleh E.A., Fritts C.A., Yan F., Stilborn H.L., Crum
R.C. Jr., Raboy V. 2000. Nonphytate phosphorus requirement and
phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal and
high available phosphate corn with and without microbial phytase. Poult.
Sci. 79: 1451–145
Walz, O.P. and J. Pallauf. 2002. Microbial Phytase combined with amino acid
supplementation reduce P and n excretion of growing and finishing pigs
without loss performance.Intl. J. Food Sci. Technol. 37: 835-848.
Wahju,
J.
1992.
IlmuNutrienUnggas.
GadjahMadaUniversityPress.Yogyakarta.
Cetakan
III.
Wahju, J., 1985. IlmuNutrisiUnggas.UGM-Press, Yogyakarta.
Wahju, J. 1988. IlmuNutrisiUnggas.Gadjah Mada University Press.Yogyakarta.
West, Willbert R. Todd, Howard S. M, John T.V.B. 1966. Text book of
Biochemistry. America.
Widodo, W. 2002.NutrisiPakanUnggasKontekstual.
PerikananUniversitasMuhammadiyah, Malang.
FakultasPeternakan-
Widowati S, Andriani D, Riyanti EI, Raharto OP, Sukarno L, 2001.Karakterisasi
FitasedariBacillus
coagulans.ProsidingSeminar
HasilPenelitianRintisandanBioteknologiTanaman.Hal.245–
55.BalaiPenelitianBioteknologiTanamanPangan, Bogor.
Viveros, A., A. Brenes, I. Arija, and C. Centeno. 2002. Effects of microbial
phytasesuplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities
in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult. Sci. 81(8):1172–
1183.
Zyla, K., J. Korelski, S. Swiatkiewicz, A. Wikiera, M. Kujawski, J. Piironen, and
D.R. Ledoux. 2000. Effect of phosphorylitic and cell walldegradingenzymes on the performance of growing broilers fed wheatbased diets containing different calcium levels.Poult. Sci. 79: 66–76.
Universitas Sumatera Utara