Since that moment, Jonathan is an outcast seagull. He spends his days alone. He is very sad because the other gulls refuse to believe the glory of flight. They do not
want to open their eyes and see the real victory of life. “The brotherhood is broken,” the gulls intone together, and with one accord they solemnly close their ears and
turn their back upon him Bach 34-35. Jonathan is very sad why the flock does not
want to hear his explanation. Now he lives alone on the Far Cliff. There he keeps learning and practicing every day in order to be a perfect seagull.
This time, Jonathan and the flock gain a win-lose problem solution. In win- lose problem solution there is only one party that can reach hisher goal while the
other party cannot reach it. In this case, the flock can reach the goal and put Jonathan as the outcast of the gulls in his flock because they think Jonathan breaks
the rule and the dignity of seagulls. On the other hand, Jonathan cannot reach his goal. Although, he has explained to the flock that he finds the breakthrough for
every seagull in the flock. Being a brave and stubborn seagull makes him get confrontations and critiques from the flock. As a result, Jonathan is an outcast.
c. Jonathan against Sullivan
This conflict begins when Jonathan plans to came back to the earth. He thinks that there some seagulls will be happy to see him again. He will teach some
seagulls there, and teach them the speed-flight. Yet, Sullivan does not agree with him. He forbids Jonathan to conduct his plan. He reminds Jonathan that he cannot
come back to the earth because he is an outcast. The seagulls never want to listen the outcast. There is a rule for the flock that one who speaks with the outcast seagull
is an outcast himself.
“Jon, you’re outcast once. Why do you think that any of the gulls in your old time would listen to you now? You know the proverb, and it’s true: The gull
sees farthest who flies highest. Those gulls where you came from are standing on the ground, squawking and fighting among themselves Bach
62.
Sullivan continues his speech and tries to make Jonathan see the truth. In his opinion, Jonathan cannot teach even to show the speed-flight for seagulls in his
flock. He says, “They’re thousand miles from heaven-and you say you want to show them heaven from where they stand Jon, they can’t see their own wingtips
Stay here. Help the new gulls here, the ones who are high enough to see what you have to tell them.” Sullivan tries to give explanation that those gulls are too far from
heaven and they just think about eating not flying. For that reason, Sullivan asks Jonathan to stay and teach the new comers there Bach 62.
After listening to Sullivan’ speech, Jonathan cancels his desire to come back and teach some seagulls in the earth. What Sullivan speaks to him is right. He is an
outcast, and therefore, no one will listen to him. Then, Jonathan stays and helps some new seagulls who come in to heaven. In this case, Jonathan and Sullivan use
win-lose solution for their conflict. Sullivan is able to make Jonathan stays with him to work together in helping new comers and teach him about speed-flight. On the
other hand, Jonathan cannot defend his desire to go back to his old flock. As time goes by, another conflict happens when Jonathan is doing his
teaching-learning section with some new birds there. His passion to go back to the flock comes back in his mind and his heart. Jonathan is a stubborn and brave
seagull. Therefore, when his passion comes back, he forgets about Sullivan’ speeches and decides to leave Sullivan with his students in heaven. Now, he cannot
stay any longer in heaven and work with Sullivan. At that time, he decides to go
down and show the speed-flight for seagulls on earth. Since he is a hardworking seagull he has a passion to teach seagulls in his flock and he says to Sullivan that he
must go back. The students are doing well so that they can help Sullivan to bring new comers in heaven Bach 63.
Sullivan cannot do anything to stop Jonathan. He also does not argue with Jonathan. He just sighs and says that he will miss Jonathan. Then he laughs at
himself. No one can do like what Jonathan does. Sullivan calls Jonathan as a crazy bird because he has a desire to show some one on the earth how to see a thousand
miles beyond their sight. Then, they separate each other. Sullivan sighed, but he did not argue. “I think I’ll miss you, Jonathan,” was
all he said. Sullivan Seagull laughed in spite of himself. “You crazy bird,” he said
kindly. “If anybody can show someone on the ground how to see a thousand miles, it will be Jonathan Livingston Seagull.” He looked at the sand.
“Good-bye, Jon, my friend.” Bach 63 After saying good bye to Sullivan, Jonathan says to him that someday they
will meet again. Then, he glides to the earth. He imagines of the great gull-flocks on shore of another time. He will show the other gulls on earth that he can fly better
than the flock. Jonathan can practice ease and shows to the flocks that flying does make him become skinny but make him become a perfect seagull of freedom and
flight. Nothing can limit him Bach 63. To end this conflict, they choose win-lose solution as their problem solving.
Here Jonathan wins his desire to go back to the earth while Sullivan has to let Jonathan go and fade away from his sight. This conflict ends up with win-lose
solution because of Jonathan’ characteristics. Jonathan is a brave, smart and stubborn seagull. He argues with Sullivan and gives explanation to Sullivan about
his passion. Sullivan cannot do anything even stopping him because Sullivan knows that Jonathan will ignore him.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter consists of two main parts. The first part is conclusions. This part presents the answers of the questions formulated in the chapter one. The second
main part is suggestions. This part presents the suggestions for the next future researchers and for English teaching learning using literary work.
A. Conclusions
Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, Jonathan is the main character in this novelette because he plays a big role from the beginning until the end of the
story. Jonathan is also described as a complex character. He is a protagonist character which leads the reader to give sympathy on him. In analyzing the
characteristics of Jonathan, this study uses five of the nine methods characterization suggested by Murphy. Those methods are direct comment, conversation with other,
character seen by other, thought, and speech. This study shows that Jonathan is a hard working seagull. He always
practices flying every day. He learns to fly higher than other gulls in his flock and to fly faster in the air. He loves to fly very much. Jonathan is also a smart and
curious seagull. He wants to know everything about flying and he always learns every movement. He wants to know what he can or cannot do in the air. He can
answer his own questions by identifying every step of his life. He can learn faster than other gulls in his flocks.
