22 1
The teacher stimulates independent learning for the student and gives chance to take the responsibility for herhis own writing project.
2 The teacher provides the interaction with an experience as a reader and a
writer. 3
The teacher can give the instruction directly to the student then heshe has time to talk to the teacher about their writing project.
4 The instruction is directly tied to specific piece of writing which calls for
specific strategies.
4. Perception
Since the researcher studies on the students’ perception on student-teacher
consultation, the theories of perception is essentially considered to be mentioned. The theories are about the nature of perception and the factors of perception.
a. The Nature of Perception
As stated by Robbins 2001, perception is a process of individuals who organize and interpret their sensory impression in order to give a meaning to their
environment. The environment gives a stimulus to someone’s mind. The process
of perceiving a stimulus will result perception that enables someone to understand what is faced in their environment. It means that
people’s perception will influence their behaviour or act on the situation or reality.
The way someone interpret something towards the object in environment depends on seven factors including the clarity and familiarity of the stimuli,
physical characteristics, needs and value, knowledge, feelings and past experience Altman, et al, 1985. In the learning process, especially in writing, the stimuli
23 come from the teacher and the writing project. The teacher gives feedback as the
stimuli for student’s writing and the student has hisher own writing product that should be improved as the stimulus for them to do consultation.
b. The Factors of Perception
Perception is influenced by the stimuli that come from the environment. There are three factors
that influence individual’s perception stated by Robbins 2001 in his book Organizational Behavior.
1 The Perceiver
Perception is influenced by the personal characteristic of the individual perceiver. The characteristics that affect perception are attitudes, motives, interest,
experience and expectation. Attitude means how someone gives responses to the reality based on their perception. Motive refers
to the students’ needs to the reality. Interest refers to situation which is faced by someone will differentiate
perception itself. Then, experience influences someone perception because an event that has never been experienced are more noticeable than an event that has
ever been experienced. The last is expectation. Someone tends to perceive that their expectations sometimes will not be the same as the reality.
2 Target
Characteristics of the target can affect what is perceived by someone. The characteristics are motion, sound, size and shape. Then the relationship between
the characteristics of the target and the background influences perception because the characteristics cannot be separated each other.
