character whenever the character speaks, has conversation with others, and whenever the character saysstates hisher opinion.
d. Past life
Past life influences someone’s characteristics. The author gives the readers clues to some ev
ents that have helped to shape someone’s characteristics. It can be seen through the author’s direct comment and the person’s thought.
e. Conversation of others
Someone’s characteristics can be described through the conversation of other characters in which they say, their opinions or everything about that person.
f. Reactions
The author gives a clue of someone’s characteristics through the reaction of the character in the novel toward various events and situations.
g. Direct comments
To understand someone’s charateristics, the author gives a clue by describing or commenting a person’s characteristics directly.
h. Thoughts
The author gives direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. Through this way, the reader can understand the character’s mind and feeeling.
i. Mannerism
Someone’s characteristics can also be seen through hisher mannerism and habbits given by the author.
2. Theory of Feminism
Patriarchal society often positions women as powerless. Men are believed as superior and women as inferior. As Montagu states in his book, women have been
conditioned to believe that they are inferior to men, and they have assumed that what everyone believes is a fact of nature. Because men occupy the superior
positions in almost all societies, such superiority is taken to be a natural one 1953: 23.
Men’s superiority has driven women’s role lower in the society. As Montagu continues in her book about her concern of this superior power of men.
Why is that, in most of the cultures of which we have any knowledge, women are considered to be a sort of lower being, a creature human enough
, but not quite so human as the male; certainly not as wise, nor as intelligent; and lacking in most of the capacities and abilities with which the male is so
plentifully endowed? 1953: 27. Patriarchal society has given a streotype that women are the second sex.
They are controlled under a system which gives them less opportunities rather than men to develop themselves in the society. Women’s freedom is limited
because of the gender system in patriarchal society. Instead of being openly coerced into accepting their secondary status,
women were conditioned into embracing it by the process of sex-role streotyping. From early childhood, women were trained to accept a system
which divided society into male and female spheres, with appropriate roles for each,a nd which allocated public power exclusively to the male sphere
Eisenstein, 1983: 6.
There are also mixed concepts between sex and gender which keep women have lower position than men in social life. Some researchers has demonstrated
that biological sex and social gender are separable concepts. As Eisenstein further explains the difference between sex and gender:
Sex meant the bilogical sex of a child−was it born anatomically a male or a female member of the human species? Gender was the culturally and
socially shaped cluster of expectations, attributes, and behaviors assigned to that category of human being by the society into which the child was born
1983: 7.
Because of this gender streotype, women undergo social injustice that they do not have equal opportunity in social life. Society holds the false belief that
women are, by nature, less intellectually and physically capable than men, it tends to discriminate against women.
They make movement called as feminism. This movement splits into three time periods or called as ‘waves’ and have different aims. The first-wave
feminism starts in the 19
th
and early 20
th
century. The goal of this wave is to open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage. The second-wave starts in
1960s until 1980s. In this phase, sexuality and reproductive rights are dominant issues, and much of the movements energy was focused on passing the Equal Rights
Amendment to the Constitution guaranteeing social equality regardless of sex.The third-wave starts in the 1990s until 2000s and it is informed by post-colonial and
post-modern thinkingpacific.edu, August 9, 2016. Overall, all feminism waves concerns to change the social structure to make it less oppressive to women. Some
feminist s declare that their goal is to understand women’s oppression in term race,
gender, class, sexual preference and how to alter it. Feminism means that we seek for women the same opportunities and
privileges the society gives to men, or . . . that we assert the distinctive value of womanhood against patriarchal denigration. While these positions need
not to be mutually exclusive, there is strong tendency . . . to make them so Evans, 1995: 2.
