Identification of the Probem

F. Uses of the Research

The researcher expected that there are some uses of this research as follows: 1. Theoretically, it may support the theory that concept mapping technique can be applied to teach descriptive paragraph writing 2. Practically, in may inform English teachers on how to teach descriptive paragraph writing ability by using concept mapping technique.

G. Scope of the Research

The scope of the research as follows: 1. Subject of the Research The subject of the research was the students at the First Semester of the Tenth grade of SMAN 2 Liwa in the academic year of 2016 2017. 2. Object of the Research Objects of the research was the students’ descriptive paragraph writing ability and the use of Concept Mapping. 3. Place of the Research The reseach was conducted at SMAN 2 Liwa, West Lampung in the Academic Year of 20162017. 4. Time of the Research The research was conducted at the First Semester of the Tenth grade of SMAN 2 Liwa in 20162017 Academic Year.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Frame of Theories 1. Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Harmer states, “English as foreign language is generally taken to apply the students who are studying general English at school and institution in their own country or as transitory visitor in a target language country”. 1 It means that the students only have chance to practice English in the school and institutions. In this case the teachers are also demanded to encourage students to practice English every time in their daily activities. However, teaching English as a foreign language should be different from teaching it as a second language. Setiyadi states that language teaching is influenced by ideas on the nature of language language theories and the learning conditions that make learners to acquire the language learning theories. Differences in language theories may affect the selection of the teaching methods. 2 It means that in teaching English as a foreign language, the teacher should know what they do in order that he or she can make his or her students learn it. In other words, the teacher should prepare the materials, instructions, and teaching techniques well. In addition, Brown states that teaching shows helping 1 Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing, Edinburgh Gate, Longman, 2004, p.39 2 Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2006, p.20