Objective of the research

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Frame of Theories 1. Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Harmer states, “English as foreign language is generally taken to apply the students who are studying general English at school and institution in their own country or as transitory visitor in a target language country”. 1 It means that the students only have chance to practice English in the school and institutions. In this case the teachers are also demanded to encourage students to practice English every time in their daily activities. However, teaching English as a foreign language should be different from teaching it as a second language. Setiyadi states that language teaching is influenced by ideas on the nature of language language theories and the learning conditions that make learners to acquire the language learning theories. Differences in language theories may affect the selection of the teaching methods. 2 It means that in teaching English as a foreign language, the teacher should know what they do in order that he or she can make his or her students learn it. In other words, the teacher should prepare the materials, instructions, and teaching techniques well. In addition, Brown states that teaching shows helping 1 Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing, Edinburgh Gate, Longman, 2004, p.39 2 Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2006, p.20 someone to learn do something, giving instructions in the study of something, providing with language, and causing to know or understand. 3 English as the foreign language has different characteristic from our mother tongue. Although the students have learned English for a long time but their English ability is still low, so the English teacher must be able to give motivation to the students to increase their English competence. Richard and Rodger state that the goal of foreign language learning is to learn a language in order to benefit from mental discipline and intellectual development that result from the language study. 4 Additionally Murcia states that the goal of teaching a second or foreign language would be to gain the ability to communicate in target language that is in language learners. 5 In other words, in teaching English as a foreign language, a teacher should be able to make his or her students use the language in communication. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that teaching is the process of transferring knowledge to the students in order to make them learn and use English in both spoken and written forms. 3 H. Douglas Brown, Teaching Principles of Language and Teaching, Prentice Hall Rgents, New Jersey, 1994, p.7 4 Rodger, Richard. Approach and Method in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. London. 1986. p.5 5 Marianne Celce-Murcia, Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Rowly, New Bury, House Publishing Company, inc., Massachussets, 1978, p.3