Uses of the Research Scope of the Research

someone to learn do something, giving instructions in the study of something, providing with language, and causing to know or understand. 3 English as the foreign language has different characteristic from our mother tongue. Although the students have learned English for a long time but their English ability is still low, so the English teacher must be able to give motivation to the students to increase their English competence. Richard and Rodger state that the goal of foreign language learning is to learn a language in order to benefit from mental discipline and intellectual development that result from the language study. 4 Additionally Murcia states that the goal of teaching a second or foreign language would be to gain the ability to communicate in target language that is in language learners. 5 In other words, in teaching English as a foreign language, a teacher should be able to make his or her students use the language in communication. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that teaching is the process of transferring knowledge to the students in order to make them learn and use English in both spoken and written forms. 3 H. Douglas Brown, Teaching Principles of Language and Teaching, Prentice Hall Rgents, New Jersey, 1994, p.7 4 Rodger, Richard. Approach and Method in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. London. 1986. p.5 5 Marianne Celce-Murcia, Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Rowly, New Bury, House Publishing Company, inc., Massachussets, 1978, p.3

2. Writing a. Concept of Writing

Writing is one of four skills in English that must be mastered by student. Raimes states that writing is a skill in which we express ideas, feelings, and thoughts arranged in words, sentences, and paragraphs by using eyes, brain, and hand. 6 It means that writing is one of the ways in expressesing the ideas using symbols letters which is arranged in word form, and word to be arranged to sentences form. It is supported by Leo who says that writing as a process of expressing ideas or thought in words should be done at our leisure. 7 It can be said that writing is a skill to express the idea and thought on their mind in written form. According to Harmer, he states that when writing, students frequently have more time to think than they do in oral activity. They can go through what they know in their mind and even consult dictionaries, grammar book, or order reference mastery to help them. 8 It means that, the students not only prepared an ideas in writing but also the students should have more references such as grammar book, tenses book, and etc. Because of the those references, can help us to support our ideas or feeling in form of written, so make the reader is interested to read our written. 6 Ann Raimes, technique in teaching writing, London, Oxford American English, 1983, p.3 7 Sutanto Leo, Et. Al, English for Academic Purpose Essay Writing, London: Penerbit Andi Offset, p.1 8 Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing New York: Longman, 2004, p.31.