CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
In conducting the research, the writer applied quasi experimental. Quasi- experimental design is a research design that includes assignment, but not
random assignment participants to groups, because the experimenter cannot artificially create groups for the experiment.
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It means that we do not have the opportunity for random assignment of the students to special group in different
conditions. The common term for this type of group of participants in intact. For that, the writer selected two classes, one is the control class and other is the
experimental class.
According to Ary et.al., who state that the variety of quasi experimental designs, which can be divided into two main categories, there are pretest, posttest, and
posttest-only.
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The writer will use pre-test and post-test. The writer will apply the pre-test and post-test design approach to a quasi-experimental design. The writer
design can be presented in Table 3.1:
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John W. Creswell, Educational Research;Planning and conducting Quantitative and Qualitative Reasearch Boston: Pearson, 2012, p. 309.
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Donald Ary, et.al., 8
th
Edition, Introduction to Research in Education Canada: Wadsworth Cengange Learning, 2010, p.307.
Table 3.1 Pre and Posttest Design
Select Control Group Pretest
No Treatment Posttest
Select Experimental Group
Pretest Experimental Treatment
Posttest
In this research, the students used pre-test to know their descrptive pargaraph writing ability before treatment and posttest after the treatment by concept
mapping. The pretest and posttest conducted for control and experimental class.
B. Variables of the Research
Variable is a quanty which can take a number of different values or states. According to Sudjana, there are two kinds of variable; they are independent
variable and dependent variable. Independent variable is a variable that are easily obtained and can be diversified into free variable, while dependent variable is the
effect of independent variable
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. In this study, the writer focused on two variables: 1. Independent variable
The independent variable in this research is Concept mapping that is symbolized by X.
2. Dependent variable The dependent variable in this research is the students’ Descriptive Paragraph
Writing Ability that is symbolized by Y.
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Sudjana, Metode Statistika, Bandung;Tarsito, 1996, p.310
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