1. Metacognitive Strategy
Higher order executive skills that may entail planning for, monitoring or evaluating the success of a learning activity OMalley Chamot, 1990:
44. The three respondents used most of the composition of metacognitive learning strategy, they are classified as follows:
• Metacognitive: advance organizer
This type of strategy means planning the learning activity in advance which the learners have review before start to study.
Based on the questionnaire delivered to the three respondents, they have tendency to use this strategy as they always prepare for the
material before they study such as searching for the appropriate book for TOEIC learning.
• Metacognitive: directed attention
It means deciding to concentrate on general aspects of a learning task. Based on the questionnaire delivered to the three respondents,
they merely use this strategy to focus on some aspect of learning, such as grammar and listening comprehension.
• Metacognitive: selective attention
This strategy means deciding to pay attention to specific parts of the language input or the situation that will help learning. Taken
from the data questionnaire, it shows that the three respondents use this strategy to get to some part of the TOEIC test material. It can
be seen that they study on the specific area of the learning task, such as listening comprehension.
• Metacognitive: self management
This strategy means trying to arrange the appropriate conditions for learning. The questionnaire shows that the three respondents have
self management in learning TOEIC. It can be seen that they has schedule their activity of learning.
• Metacognitive: advance preparation
Advance preparation means planning the linguistic components for a forthcoming language task. Based on the questionnaire, the three
respondents apply this strategy as they have preparation in studying the linguistic elements of the TOEIC test such as
grammar errors. •
Metacognitive: self monitoring Self monitoring means the learner has checking their learning
activity. In this case, the questionnaire has shows that the three respondents always check their activity of learning by evaluate
themselves to do simulation test. •
Metacognitive: self evaluation Self evaluation means checking how well one is doing against
ones own standards. Here, the three respondents also do some self evaluation to check their progress of learning. Based on the data
questionnaire, they always mark their progress when doing the simulation test.
• Metacognitive: self reinforcement
Self reinforcement means giving oneself rewards for success. The
data of questionnaire show that the three respondents also reward themselves for their progress.
2. Cognitive Strategy
Kategori