30
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents the methods that were used in doing this research. They include research design, area determination method, research subject determination
method, data collection method, research procedures, and data analysis method. Each point will be presented clearly in the following section.
3.1 Research Design
This research was inte nded to improve the eleventh grade students’ participation
and reading comprehension achievement at SMA Plus Darul Hikmah by implementing Jigsaw IV Technique. In order to achieve the goal in improving the
students’ participation and their reading comprehension, the researcher conducted a Classroom Action Research using cycle model research design. According to
Kemmis 1988 in Keeves 1998, action research was a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social including educational situations in
order to improve the rationality and justice of a their own social or educational practices, b their understanding of these practices, and c the situations in which
the practices are carried out. Furthermore, Ferrance 2000 defined action research as a process in which
participants examine their own educational practice systematically and carefully, using the techniques of research. In addition, Nunan 1994 defined action research
as a form of self-reflective inquiry carried out by practioners, aimed at solving problems, improving practice, or enhancing understanding.
From the definitions above, it could be concluded that action research was a research that was used to solve the problem faced by the students in the classroom.
Here, the pr oblems were the eleventh grade students’ participation and reading
comprehension achievement.
This research was conducted collaboratively with the eleventh grade English teacher of SMA Plus Darul Hikmah. The collaboration was intended to avoid the
subjectivity of the researcher in conducting this research. By doing collaboration, the researcher was expected to find the best solution of the problem and to reach the goal
of the research. Furthermore, this research had been done in cycle by following a certain
procedures which consisted of 4 stages, namely 1 planning of the action, 2 implementing the action in cycle, 3 monitoring by observation and evaluating,
and 4 analyzing and reflecting Tim Pelatih Penelitian Tindakan:2000. In other word, those actions were essential to be conducted in the cycle. The design of this
classroom action research was illustrated in the following diagram:
Figure 3.1 Classroom Action Research Model
Adapted from Tim Pelatih Penelitian Tindakan:2000
The result: Achieving the criteria
of success Cycle stopped
Reporting the result
Preliminary study Interview
Fact finding Initial problem
Revising some necessary aspects
which make the first cycle failed
The result: Not accomplishing the
criteria of success
Planning Choosing a topic
Constructing lesson plans
Constructing an observation guide
Constructing materials and tests
Setting the criteria of success
Reflecting Analysis and
reflection Evaluating
Acting Teaching reading by
implementing Jigsaw IV technique
Observing Giving a reading test
The steps of the Classroom Action Research in this research were as follows: 1.
Interviewing the eleventh grade English teacher of SMA Plus Darul Hikmah to get some information related to teaching learning process in class, such as the
materials, the teaching technique, the scores, and the stu dents’ problem.
2. Determining the research problems.
3. Getting secondary data to support the research, such as the name of the research
subjects and the score of the English test. 4.
Constructing lesson plans, an observation guide, materials, reading test, and criteria of success.
5. Implementing the actions of the first cycle done by the researcher.
6. Observing the actions of the first cycle done by the teacher.
7. Giving a reading test after the actions of the first cycle.
8. Analyzing the result of the reading test and the observation in the first cycle.
9. Reflecting the result of the reading test and the observation in the first cycle.
10. Drawing a conclusion to answer the research problem.
3.2 Area Determination Method
Kategori