on the data they collect using a particular instrument. Heaton 1991:159 said that a test is valid if it measures accurately what is supposed to be measured. In this
research, the researcher used content validity in which the test was appropriate with the materials given. In addition, Fraenkel and Wallen 2006:150 defined reliability
as the consistency of the score obtained or how consistent the scores for each individual and a set of items are. In other words, when the test was tested to other
students, the results should be the same. The test was in the form of an objective test. It was called objective because
no judgment was required on the part of score and it had a greater reliability Hughes, 200
3:22. In the test, there were 2 texts given, entitled “The Salty River” and “Napombalu” which were adapted from 2 sources in internet. The numbers of
the test items were 20 items consist of 4 items for word comprehension, 6 items for sentence comprehension, 4 items for paragraph comprehension, and 6 items for text
comprehension. Dealing with the scoring, each item was scored 5, thus the total score of the test items was 100. The wrong answer was scored 0. The time allocation
for the students in doing the test was 60 minutes.
3.4.2 Observation
Observation was another way to collect the primary data used in this research. It had been
done in the classroom during the students’ activities in the teaching learning process. This observation was conducted by the researcher and the English
teacher. Arikunto 2002:229 pointed out that the effective way for doing observation was by using instrument paper. Here, the researcher and the English teacher used
checklist as the observation guide. There were 5 indicators that had
been used to observe the students’ participation in teaching learning process. The students were considered as active
students if they fulfilled at least three of five indicators used in this observation of the research. On the other hand, the students were considered as passive students if they
fulfilled less than three of five indicators. This research was considered successful if
75 of the students were active. The observation checklist could be seen in table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1 Observation Checklist o f Students’ Participation
No. Name Indicators
Active Passive 1
2 3
4 5
The indicators were as follows: 1.
Discussing the paragraph to select five unfamiliar words and the main idea of a paragraph in the expert group.
2. Finding the meaning of the words in Quiz 1 in the expert group.
3. Sharing the information they have got from the expert groups to their home
groups. 4.
Finding the answer of the specific and general information of Quiz 2 in the home group.
5. Reviewing the content of the material by playing Jeopardy game.
3.4.3 Giving Interview
Interview was used to get the supporting data. Fraenkel and Wallen 2006:455 argued that interview is an essential way for a researcher to check the
accuracy of something by asking relevant questions. The interview had been done in the preliminary study with the eleventh grade English teacher of SMA Plus Darul
Hikmah. Its purpose was to get supporting data about this research, namely the students’ problem in English, the materials used in teaching, and the technique or
method used in the classroom.
3.4.4 Documentation
