CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Analysis
There are so many kinds of languages that exist in this world. We use language to transfer idea or information, and as the massive of its existence not all people master or
understand each language. For example, a person who understand English and use it as his mother tongue may not understand Bahasa Indonesia, and would not understand the
information that consist in an article wrote in Bahasa Indonesia. One way to solve the problem above is by using translation. According to Oxford
Dictionary 7
th
edition published in 2005, translation is : a the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language, b a text or work that has been
changed from one language into another. This definition gives us information that the word “translation” has two meanings, a translation as a process, and b translation as a product.
So we can say that as a process, literally translation is changing the form of Source Language to the form of Target language.
Every man that masters or understands two different language can do translation, since heshe understands the meaning of one language SL and able to convey or transform
its meaning into another language TL. Practically, doing translation is not that simple. It is because every language has their own characteristics Catford 1965:27. Sometimes word or
words that seem to have ‘exact’ meaning, sometimes has some component meanings which is different from other language Mounin 1994:15, in Silalahi 2001:2. But it does not mean that
doing translation is imposible as Nida and Taber 1974 412 states, “Anything that can be
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said in one language can be said in another, unless the form is an essential element of these message; the best translation does not sound like translation.”
In doing translation, sometimes we found some shifts. Shifts or changes are departs from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL Catford 1965:73.
According to Catford 1965, there are two major types of shift. They are : 1 Level Shift, and 2 Category Shift.
Level Shifts mean that a SL item in one linguistics level has a TL translation equivalent at a different level. According to Catford 1965 shift from grammar to lexis, and
vice-versa is the only possible shift at Level Shift. Category Shifts are departures from formal correspondence in translation. According
to Catford, there are four types of shift includes in Category Shifts. They are structure-shifts, class-shifts, unit shifts ran-shifts, and intra-system-shifts. Structure-shifts are the most
common shift. It happens at all ranks in translation. Class-Shifts are shifts or changes of a SL item part of speech have a different class-word in the TL. For example verb in SL is
translated into adjective in TL. Unit-Shifts are shifts or changes of rank that is the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL. For example,
word in SL is translated into phrase in TL. The last is Intra-system-shift. Intra-system-shift is shift that occurs internally, within
a system; that is, for those cases where SL and TL posses systems which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when translation involves selection of a non-
corresponding term in the TL system. In English, there are 8 eight parts of speech, they are nouns, pronoun, verbs,
adverbs, conjuction, preposition, and interjection Mukti, 2008:6. A verb is a word that expresses actions, state of being, or relation between two things.
It functions as the main element of a predicate what is said about the subject. When altered
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in form, it can indicate tense, tone, voice, mood, and agreement with its subject Manurung, 2007:26.
Predicate is one of two main parts of sentence or clause, the other is subject. The predicate is telling us about the subject or modified the subject. Verb is the main element of a
predicate, and the predicate must contain a verb or the verb requires, permits or precludes other sentence elements to complete the predicate www.en.wikipedia.org. So we say that
the existence of a verb is very critical. Soenjono 1997:90 event stated that a verb has great deal in affecting what other element of parts of speech that must or may occur in a sentence.
A SCANDAL IN BOHEMIA was the first of Sir Arthur Conan Doyles 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine and the first Sherlock Holmes
story illustrated by Sidney Paget. Two of the four Sherlock Holmes novels—A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of the Four—preceded the short story cycle. It has been translated into
many languages and also into Bahasa Indonesia. In the translation of verbs in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s A SCANDAL IN BOHEMIA
into Bahasa Indonesia SKANDAL DI BOHEMIA by Dra. Daisy Dianasary, I found some
class-shifts. For example, In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex, translated into Bahasa Indonesia, Di matanya wanita itulah yang paling hebat di antara
seluruh kaumnya. At the example above, we see that the verb ”eclipses” were translated into adjective “yang paling hebat”. While the other verb predominates is not translated.
These examples and the fact that a verb is very critical in a sentence, interested the writer to analyze the translation of verbs in the translation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s A
SCANDAL IN BOHEMIA into Bahasa Indonesia by Dra. Daisy Dianasari.
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1.2 Problem of Analysis
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