22
followed by an object. In the example 3b the transitive verb flown must be followed by an object the plane.
d. The change from active verb into passive verb
To change a sentence from active into passive, the sentence must meet several requirements as written below:
33
1. The active sentence which will be changed into passive sentence must have an
object. Example: He is closing the window
object
2. Subject in active sentence changed into object in passive sentence, and the
object in active sentence change into the subject in passive sentence. Example:
ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE
they are playing the guitar The guitar is being played by them
object subject
3. The verb in passive sentence must use past participle which is preceded by to
be is, am, are, was, were, being, been followed by a preposition by. Example:
ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE
they are playing the guitar the guitar is being playedby them
predicate predicate reposition
33
Rudy Hariyono and Andrew Mc. Carthy, ABC Plus English Gramma, Surabaya: Gitamedia Press: 2008 p. 497
23
There are several verb changes from active voice into passive voice in English depend on when the event occurs or we can say the tense changes. There
is a two-part Passive transformation that expresses the systematic relationship between active and passive sentences in English.
34
Example: Mary was ignored by someone as synonymous with Mary was ignored, which is simply wrong. The
sentence means Mary was ignored by everyone. The by phrase, being an optional constituent of VP, doesn‟t have to appear in every S.
The use of passive in following tense:
Tense Active voice
Passive Voice
Simple Present He washes the car.
The car is washed by him.
Present Progressive
He is washing the car. The car is being wased by
him. Present Perfect
He has washed the car. The car has been washed
by him. Simple Past
He washed the car. The car was washed by
him. Past
Progressive He was washing the car.
The car was being washed by him.
Past Perfect He had washed the car.
The car had been wased by him.
Future with will He will wash the car. The car will be wased by
him. Future with be
going to
He is going to wash the car. The car is going to be
washed by him.
Future Perfect He will have wash the car.
The car will have been wash
by him.
34
Peter. Ibid, p. 172
24
In English do not use the passive voice with some tenses because it sounds awkward. The tenses are present perfect progressive, the future progressive, the
past perfect progressive, and the future perfect progressive.
35
G. Passive Syntactic Structure of Bahasa Indonesia
In the explanation below, the examples from passive syntactic structure of Bahasa Indonesia will be explained based on its characteristics bellow:
36
a. The subject of passive sentence as a sufferer
Example: 1
Rumah tua itu harus diperbaiki dengan segera oleh Pak Saleh. In sentence 1, subject rumah tuaitu is not the agent of the verb
diperbaiki. That means the subject in the sentence above contributes as object.
b.
The Movement of Active Sentence Object into Subject in Passive Sentence
Example: 2a saya sudah mencuci mobil itu. Active
2b Mobil itu sudah saya cuci.Passive The sentences above show the transference of the object mobil itu in the
active sentence, into subject in passive sentence.
35
Milada Broukal, Grammar Form and Function 3B, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005, p. 2-5.
36
Hasan Alwi. et al., Tata Bahasa Baku Bahsa Indonesia, edisi ketiga, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka,2003,cet.5, pp.345-349.
25
c. The Use of Transitif Sentence
Example: 3a Kamar kak Vira ditempati oleh paman.
3b Paman menempati kamar kak Vira. The example 3a is transitive passive sentence. The transitive sign shows
in the verb of active sentence transitive verb. The transitive verb ditempati must be followed by an object. In the example 3b the transitive verb menempati must
be followed by an object kamar kak Vira.
d. The change from active verb into passive verb
Active verb is a verb which is contributes as a predicate in an activesentence. In Bahasa Indonesia, there are several kinds of passive verb;
1.
Passive verb with prefix di-;
Examples: a
Seorang asisten baru diangkat oleh Pak Toha. b
Adik dipukul oleh ayah. c
1. Laptop itu harus diperbaiki segera dengan baik oleh Rio. 2. laptop itu harus diperbaiki segera dengan baik Rio.
3. Laptop itu harus diperbaiki oleh Rio. d
Jadwal pembayaran uang kuliah telah dimajukan. In the sentences a
–and b the subject set before the predicate with the prefix verb di- which is use the prepositional oleh can be use or not . But
sometimes the prepositional oleh must be used because the agent and the verb
26
have been separated by some words segera dengan baik in the sentence c, in the sentence c 3 the prepositional oleh can be used or not because the agent and
the verb not separated by words segera dengan baik like in sentence c 1 and 2. Sometimes there is no agent in passive sentence like in the sentence d. It
is because the agent of the sentence has been known based on the context. 2.
Passive verb with prefix ter-; and
Examples: a
1. Penumpang bus itu dilempar ke luar. 2. penumpang bus itu terlempar keluar.
b
1. Jari adik dijepit pintu. 2. Jari adik terjepit pintu.
c
Pulau Sabang terletak di ujung Pulau Sumatra
The sentences 1 show that the agent doing the action intentionally. On the other way, sentences 2 shows that the action happen without purpose of the
agent. Besides the meaning of prefix ter- is an intentionally action, it also has meaning as something naturally happen such as in the example c.
3.
Passive verb without prefix ϕ verb Examples:
a Mobil itu saya cuci.
b Buku saya dia pinjam.
c Mie goreng itu saya makan.
d Suhu air di dalam tabung sedang kami naikkan.
Kategori