9 However, translation deals with the meaning. Translation with correct
structure is useless without the meaning. Larson 1984:3 states that translation means transferring the meaning of the source language into receptor language. And
Newmark states a further view towards the transferring meaning in a translation. As he says 1988:5, Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language
in the way that the author intended the text. Moreover, translation also deals with culture aspects. Kridalaksana, an expert
in translation theory states on his book 1983:128, “Terjemahan adalah pengalihan amanat antarbudaya danatau antarbahasa dalam tataran gramatikal dan leksikal
dengan maksud, efek atau ujud yang sedapat mungkin tetap dipertahankan.” In brief, his view about translation is a transferring message among cultures and languages.
2.2 Function of Translation
According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 2000:546, Function is a special activity or purpose of a person or thing. Basically, the special purpose or
function of translation is as a medium of communications. As Duff 1989:5 says, “As a process of communication, translation functions as the medium ‘across the
linguistic and cultural barriers’ in conveying the message written in the foreign languages.” In other words, the function of translation is a medium or a means to
carry the message from the SL to TL. And it is very helpful for people which come from around the world in communication to each other.
As Nida 1981:2 states, “Translation means communication because it has three essential elements to form a process of communication. The three essential
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10 elements are source, message, and receptor, and these elements must be found in all
communication activities”. In brief that, translation is a means in communication, that has source, message, and receptor which must be found in all communication
activities.
2.3 Process of Translation
Nida and Taber 1969 in Munday 2001:40 divide the process of translating into three stages system: 1 analysis of message in the SL; 2 transfer, and; 3
reconstruction of the transferred message in the TL. This process is described in the following figure.
A Source Language B Receptor Language
Analysis Restructuring
X Transfer
Y
Figure 1 Diagram of the Translation Process
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11 From the diagram, we can see that the source language is analyzing the
grammatical relationship and the meaning of words and its combination. Then it transferred the meaning from SL into TL. The Reconstruction phase is the phase
where the translator rewrites or re-expresses the materials in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and styles in the TL.
Furthermore, Nababan 2003:25, he writes that “Proses penerjemahan terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu 1 analisis teks bahasa sumber Bsu, 2 pengalihan pesan, 3
restrukturisasi.” The process of translation have three steps, those are 1 the analysis of the source language SL, 2 transferring the message, 3 restructuring.
2.4 Types of Translation
