Psychoanalysis and Literature FRANK’S FAILURE IN OVERCOMING IDENTITY CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT TOWARD HER PERSONALITY: A PSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS TOWARD BANKS’THE WASP FACTORY.

12 exploring stage will result in the sense of independence and autonomy. If that certain individual able to resolve hisher independence in this stage, heshe will certainly become more confident and develop a sense of pride. If the individual fails to understand his sense of independence, he will become overly dependent upon others and feel a sense of shame. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt Initiative vs. Guilt occurs during age three to five. Around this age, children will begin their activities by playing games and such. In the process, the children will learn the sense of initiative and if they are not given the chance they also might revert in obtaining a sense of guilt. This stage is also the turning point where children come to realize about their gender curiosity. Erikson 1980:82 states that around this age the child develops the prerequisites for masculine and feminine initiative, that is for the selection of social goals and perseverance in approaching them. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority The danger at this stage is the development of a sense of inadequacy and inferiority Erikson, 1980:91. The stage of Industry vs. Inferiority occurs during the school age, between 6 to 11 years old. School is the key pint of this stage where the children will learn that they are now faced with academic demands. The success of this stage will result in the feeling of competence. If 13 by any chance the children fail to grasp the virtue of competence, the children may doubt their own abilities and result them in having the sense of inferiority. 5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion The fifth stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development occurs during adolescence stage 12 to 18 years old. This stage is when a certain individual struggling in finding hisher real identity. At this stage, social interactions are the important aspects to determine one’s identity. A certain individual in this adolescence stage will find out about what the society expect him to be and how he can be accepted and fitting the society. The individual who is able to overcome this stage will stay true to his self-identity and the failure may lead him into role confusion. This is also the stage of where the youth is given the chance to explore themselves. The process of finding oneself is called psychosocial moratorium. Erikson explains that psychosocial moratorium is the time when a certain individual can freely explore and finds out about his own sense of identity. Stroud 2011: 1 states that psychosocial moratorium is a certain period in youth stage that offers the opportunity to explore the roles of one’s particular place and time. Psychosocial moratorium is an obstacle that needs to be resolved in order to gain a sound and healthy identity. Nurmi 1990: 47 explains that there are several crisis that signify the emergence of 14 psychosocial moratorium, those are: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure and negative identity. Erikson 1968: 170 states that identity diffusion is followed by severe identity confusion accompanied by acute upset, inability to concentrate or a self-destructive preoccupation. Adolescent that is unable to face the need of identity development is likely to confront to the state of identity diffusion. In other words, identity diffusion is the unreadiness to explore and accept a proper identity. The process of finding or experimentation about oneself is usually skipped by those who are unable to handle identity diffusion. Identity diffusion can cause disruption in the mind of those who are unable to handle the problem. They are likely to find themselves finding difficulties in concentrating, controlling their emotion and forming relationships with others. The second phenomenon of psychosocial moratorium is identity foreclosure. Identity foreclosure is the premature establishment of the sense of identity. In this type of trouble, a certain adolescent is prematurely put himself into a certain role. The role then is considered as his final role. This is likely to lead the adolescent into confusion in identity and the inability to cope with the real and assigned set of roles in the society. This identity foreclosure is usually set by the goals of the parents or other authority figures. Nurmi 1990: 78 states that the individual with identity foreclosure is being pressured and his sense of conformity is taken from him. So in a sense, his given identity is what his parents forced upon him and the individual accept it as his final