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words, phrases, clauses and sentences that are related to the psychosocial development theory become the main data and material for this research.
C. Research Instrument
This research is basically a qualitative research. Qualitative research is considered with providing description of phenomena that occurs naturally, without
the intervention, or an experiment. According to Bogdan and Biklen 1997:10, the data collected in qualitative research is in the form of words rather than numbers. The
main instrument of this research is the researcher himself. The researcher read, analyzed and interpreted the data using the chosen theory. By doing so, the researcher
outlined the problems from his given perspective and answered the questions and the problems of this research.
The researcher also used table list to ease the work of data processing. Using this method, the data were meant to be identified by giving them certain label and
putting them into table lists. The table lists were designed in order to put the quotations of the data based on page, category and meaning.
D. The Technique of Data Collection
In the technique of data collection, the researcher collected the data as follows; first, the researcher read the novel The Wasp Factory in order to get full
understanding about this novel as the object of this research. In doing this the research read the novel several times, carefully and comprehensively. Second, the
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researcher searched for the data of the problem that is related to the research focus. Third, the researcher re-checked to find out whether there are errors or mistakes in the
data collection. Lastly, reading and finding, putting the data into the table lists and categorize the data.
The data were categorized in order to answer the objectives of the research. There are two objectives in this research. To answer the first objective the researcher
applied the theory of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development by looking through certain stages of development and relates the theory to the object. As for the second
objective, the researcher analyzed the impacts of the identity crisis of the main character also by using the certain stages of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development
theory. During the process of the data collection, the researcher used a particular form
of data sheet to make the progress of the research simpler. The form of the data sheets were presented below.
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Table 1: The Table list of the Data for Frank’s Identity Crisis: the Failure in Handling the Stage of Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
No. Quotation Page Category Sub-Category Meaning
1
I hate having to sit down in the toilet all the time.
With my unfortunate disability I usually have
to, as though I was a bloody woman, but I
hate it . Sometimes in the
Cauldhame Arms I stand up at the urinal, but most
of it ends up running down my hands or legs.
8 Identity Foreclosure
Identity Confusion
This is the part of where Frank’s
identity confusion is portrayed. It can
be seen from the lines that Frank
cannot identify her gender. And she
sees that condition as a some sort of
disability.
Table 2: The Table list of The Data for the Impacts of The Identity Crisis From Which Frank Suffers.
No. Quotation Page Category
Meaning 1
I don’t go giving people presents of burning dogs, or
frighten the local toddlers with handfuls of maggots and
mouthfuls of worms. The people in the town may say
‘Oh, he’s not all there, you know,’ but that’s just their
little joke and sometimes, just to rub it in, they don’t point to
6 Isolation
The lines above show that Frank is disregarding the
fact that she is isolating herself from the society.
She sees it as a normal thing and does not bother
to even think about it. Even though it is clear that the
society is not accepting Frank, it can be seen that it
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their heads as they say it; I don’t mind. I’ve learned to
live with my disability, and learned to live without other
people, so it’s no skin off my nose.
is Frank’s job to be able to blend into the society. The
reason why the society is afraid of Frank is likely
because Frank feels that it is not important to get
along with the society and she never take a real action
about it.
E. Data Analysis
Based on the novel entitled The Wasp Factory by Iain Banks, the researcher tried to reveal the factors that cause Frank to suffer from identity crisis. The
researcher also analyzed the impacts of Frank’s identity crisis toward her personality. The findings then are based on the data that have been analyzed by the researcher.
The data were analyzed in order to accomplish the researcher’s objectives. The data analysis dealt with the process of data reducing, data display and conclusion
drawing. In this research, the step employed is the systemic step. First, all data in the source were included, and then those data were reduced, throwing away all the
insignificant and unrelated data. This means that the researcher included the relevant data only. Next, those relevant data were displayed in the data sheet. The researcher
categorized those data into several groups. Lastly, after being displayed, those data were verified and conclusions were drawn.
