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development which focuses on the problem of acquiring self-identity explained through the series of eight developmental stages of life. The conceptual framework of
the research can be seen below.
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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
Erikson’s Psychosocial
Development Theory:
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame and
Doubt 3.
Initiative vs. Guilt 4.
Industry vs. Inferiority 5.
Identity vs. Identity Diffusion 6.
Intimacy vs. Isolation 7.
Generativity vs. Stagnation 8.
Ego Identity vs. Despair
Identity Crisis
Intimacy vs.
Isolation
RQ. 1
RQ. 2
Iain Banks’ The Wasp
Factory words, phrases,
clauses, sentences,
discourse
Frank’s problem in finding
self ‐identity
Identity vs. Identity
Diffusion
RQ. 2
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Subject of the Study
The subject of this study is a novel entitled The Wasp Factory. The novel was written by English writer Iain Banks and first published in 1984. The Wasp Factory
was a novel that earned Iain Banks his name as a famous English writer. The theme of the novel is rather dark and filled with a sense of identity confusion. The main
character of the novel is a youngster named Frank Cauldhame who lives avoiding social interaction and also suffering from a serious identity problem. The interesting
point of the novel is that the main character, Frank, is depicted as a boy throughout the story which in reality Frank is a girl. The fact that Frank is a girl is only revealed
in the last chapter of the story. It is clear that the main theme of the story is about a loss of gender identity.
B. Data and Sources of the Data
Source of the data in this research was taken from the novel The Wasp Factory and the main data are words, phrases, sentences, clauses, discourses, and
expressions. The novel consists of 12 chapters with the total of 198 pages. The theory used in this research is the theory of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development. The
object this research is the main character from the novel, Frank Cauldhame. The
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words, phrases, clauses and sentences that are related to the psychosocial development theory become the main data and material for this research.
C. Research Instrument
This research is basically a qualitative research. Qualitative research is considered with providing description of phenomena that occurs naturally, without
the intervention, or an experiment. According to Bogdan and Biklen 1997:10, the data collected in qualitative research is in the form of words rather than numbers. The
main instrument of this research is the researcher himself. The researcher read, analyzed and interpreted the data using the chosen theory. By doing so, the researcher
outlined the problems from his given perspective and answered the questions and the problems of this research.
The researcher also used table list to ease the work of data processing. Using this method, the data were meant to be identified by giving them certain label and
putting them into table lists. The table lists were designed in order to put the quotations of the data based on page, category and meaning.
D. The Technique of Data Collection
In the technique of data collection, the researcher collected the data as follows; first, the researcher read the novel The Wasp Factory in order to get full
understanding about this novel as the object of this research. In doing this the research read the novel several times, carefully and comprehensively. Second, the
