The Data Analysis The grice’s cooperative principle in transcript of beyoncé interview on piers morgan tonight

MORGAN: Would you mind asking him to tell me? BEYONCE: I will. Well have a conversation. Ill whisper, but you cant tell anybody else. According to the question, this dialogue formed a maxim of quantity. Morgan was asking a question that requiring ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer , yet Beyonce gave the flouted respond. In this context, Morgan was asking Beyonce about how people’s or even his expectation to Beyonce and Jay-Z’s mariage life. The expected answer should be ’yes’ or ‘no’, but Beyonce did not, she flouted Morgan’s question. Beyonce could give an obvious and surely answer for that. Beyonce would be has to asnwer it by yes or no. Implicature happened in Beyonce’s utterance “only God knows” that she intended to be down to earth and keep her fame-image safe by not overconfidence about anything she or people may think, she could not give any promises about her marriage, just keep let it flowing. Data 3: Flouting maxim of quality MORGAN: What made you think that was the right one for me. BEYONCE: Its all about the color. Its a beautiful day, the warmest day here. MORGAN: Its the warmest day in Britain for five years. You brought the heat, lady. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, because regarded to the context that Morgan and Beyoncé were talking about the opinion of Beyoncé’s ‘outfit. Morgan tried for Beyoncé understand what he meant, specifically. And again, Beyoncé gave unexpected answer. She was concerning in color and general situation. Then, Morgan was exaggerating for once again he gave a sarcasm utterance on Beyoncé but politely. Beyoncé was said about the weather in Britain, there was heat, and it is indeed. Beyoncé did flouting maxim when she said “Its all about the color. Its a beautiful day, the warmest day here”, she was just not give information as required, as Morgan expected. The implicature occurs when Morgan said ‘warmest’ because Beyoncé was wearing an orange dress outfit, made she looked colorful; besides he intended to give a sarcasm by saying “Its the warmest day in Britain for five years. You brought the heat, lady”. He made her like she was an ordinary women up there, by analogical the “heat weather for 5 years”, he intended to be equal regarded to Beyoncé’s opinion about the outfit, not about the ‘diva thing’ but only the color which was nothing special. Data 4: Flouting maxim of quality BEYONCE: Well, before I performed, I was so scared. I was like a leaf. Just -- I was really, really afraid. And I just had to say forget that its 175,000 people and pretend its just like the show you did two days ago and you have been doing this your whole life. And just have fun. And, you know, we all got together, said our prayer. We took our breath and tried to exhale all the negativity and I just had to tell myself, I deserve it. Im a diva. Ive worked hard. And I psyched myself up, and once you hear the crowd and you get past the first couple of minutes, then its time to rock. Its time to have a good time and enjoy it. MORGAN: I love that phrase. Im a diva. You say that proudly. BEYONCE: I do. MORGAN: A lot of stars, you know, they sort of shy away, Im not a diva. You love being a diva. In this section, Morgan and Beyoncé were talking about Beyoncé’s achievements. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, because Morgan was asking about Beyoncé’s opinion regarded to her statement. On Morgan’s statement, he did flouting maxim of quality. As mentioned before, Morgan mostly gave his interviewee statements and question sarcastically, he intended to gain information as much as possible from his interviewee. He has a good communication skill in this. Beyoncé was said that she is as a diva. Regarded to Morgan utterance “A lot of stars, you know, they sort of shy away, Im not a diva. You love being a diva.” It made an implicature by Morgan. Morgan thinks that Beyoncé was over confident or even quite arrogant to say that she is a diva, which was why he bit teasing Beyoncé with his utterance, he tried to convince Beyoncé, she may think and say wiser or give a reason to convince him about Diva. Data 5: Flouting maxim of relevance MORGAN: Ive heard and you can clear up this rumor. This is a brilliant rumor, even if its not true. If its not true, maybe just pretend. Ive heard that Jay-Z has the president on the speed dial of his cell phone. Is this true? BEYONCE: I dont know. LAUGHTER MORGAN: That means it is. BEYONCE: No, its not. They are amazing. They are wonderful. And I have -- actually, I just worked with the first lady with the Lets Move initiative. And it was so beautiful MORGAN: Because shes a remarkable woman. BEYONCE: She is. This dialogue formed a maxim of relevance, because what they were talking about was about the event when Beyoncé sang in president inauguration’s ball. Regarded to the context, they were talking about Beyoncé sang in president inauguration ceremonial. Morgan tried to convince about the rumor as mentioned before, but Beyoncé kept saying “no”. It did not mean she was lying or honest; firstly they were concerning about the Mr. President, not his lady. But Beyoncé flouted the subject they concerning about; she said about the first lady, even indeed there was about ceremonial the First Lady. But, that was not the point of Morgan’s question. She was totally ignored the first question about Jay-Z has the president on the speed dial of his cell phone. The implicature occurs in the utterance is on Beyonce’s utterance, when she is concerning about the first lady, she did not take any serious even she was avoiding to talked about the rumor anymore, that was why she flouted the topic to the first lady. Data 6: Flouting maxim of manner MORGAN: So, what are you thinking for the outfits for me that Im fascinated? I mean, you woke up and thought, its Piers, its CNN. BEYONCE: You know, I just tried on a few dresses and I like the color. MORGAN: Come on, humor me. How many did you try on before you thought This dialogue formed a maxim of manner, regarded to Morgan’s question, it is obviously that he expected Beyoncé prepared the dress something diva, such as branded or special stuffs to make her shining in the occasion on Piers Morgan Show. It was quite unexpected, because Beyoncé only give a simple answer and concerned about the color of the dress. It did not make Morgan really feel it, which was why he asking the specific question for Beyoncé to understand what is Morgan’s expectation by said “Come on, humor me. How many did you try on before you thought”. Morgan did not satisfied enough about what Beyoncé said about the outfits, he felt he had to little pushed her with something understandable by her. But she kept up with her opinion and gave unexpected answer. Regarded to Morgan utterance, it made an implicature that Morgan intended to Beyoncé to show him something awesome, something diva an such, that was he said “ come on, humor me..” it represented his feeling that he was expected more than a colorful dress of Beyoncé. Data 7: Violating maxim of quality BEYONCE: But I found these incredible women and incredible background singers. And I do have men on the stage as well. I have great male dancers. MORGAN: Washing your shoe heels for you? Regarded to the context, they were talking about the theme “Girl Power” where she was performed at Glastonbury. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, because it was talking about Beyoncé’s opinion and so Morgan did his. In previous, Beyoncé was said about how she praised female Girl because regarded to the theme, it made Morgan thought Beyoncé quite intimidating of male gender, by saying “washing your shoe heels for you”. Beyoncé was trying to fix her statement by appreciating the males. But it is not enough to convince Morgan to change his assumed about Beyoncé’s statement about males before. By Morgan’s respond, he was asking as if the males were not worthy enough than females. Morgan forced Beyoncé to be honest to what she says. For Morgan’s statement, he did violating maxim of manner because Morgan still keep his assumption of what Beyoncé said about males. He was quite pushed Beyoncé about what she said. We can see about what type of host Morgan is. Morgan has a trait sarcastic; he implied it in many utterances when interviewing his interviewee. By saying “washing your shoe heels for you?” it made an implicature, because Morgan was asking question sarcastically which was actually he intended to stay with his assumption about Beyoncé’s opinion about males. Data 8: Violating maxim of manner MORGAN: The president, what did he say? And the first lady. Did you talk to them? BEYONCE: I did not speak to them. I wish I had it like that. But Ive seen them years later. MORGAN: Ive heard and you can clear up this rumor. This is a brilliant rumor, even if its not true. If its not true, maybe just pretend. Ive heard that Jay-Z has the president on the speed dial of his cell phone. Is this true? BEYONCE: I dont know. LAUGHTER This dialogue formed a maxim of manner, regarded to Morgan’s question that requiring of information of Beyonce about the truth, but Beyonce gave an ambiguity statement. Regarded to the context, that they were talking about the moment when Beyonce sang to the president, Barrack Obama. Beyonce was sang “At Last” in the first Obama’s inaugural ball dance at the Neighborhood Ball. 41 Morgan made a rumor to make the convesation up and also tried to discover what is the fact about happening on Beyonce’s life. The rumor Morgan made sound like joke for Beyoncé. The implicature is on Beyoncé’s utterance “I don’t know it might she could be knows or even yes, she does not know the rumor. That was she was laughed, yet it could be mean she avoiding the rumor gave by Morgan. 41 http:www.bbc.comnewsworld-us-canada-21133940 accessed sept 4, 2014 Data 9: Infringing maxim of quantity BEYONCE: But I visited, you know, the pyramids and I was able to sing at the top of the pyramids. MORGAN: I heard you sang Ave Maria in one of the tombs of the pyramid and it just echoed around. What a moment. BEYONCE: It was beautiful. And who would ever think that Id get an opportunity to do that. I was there along with my family and – MORGAN: Any truth to the rumor that you and Jay-Z are having joint pyramids built to be remembered? This is rumor? BEYONCE: Thats a good one This dialogue formed a maxim of quantity, because Morgan was asking Beyoncé her agree, based on his rumor question which was required only ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. In this section, Morgan and Beyoncé were talking about the moment when Beyoncé was singing on pyramid months ago. Morgan just made a joke about the pyramid, in this section they are talking about pyramid where Beyoncé was singing and visited with her family. Beyoncé realized that Morgan is joking, it made she respond it by an opinion herself. So she was not answer with yes or no quantity. The implicature is contained on utterance “that’s a good one” by Beyoncé. Beyoncé inspired by Morgan about that idea rumor. That was why Beyoncé said “that’s a good one” did not mean to agree with Morgan’s rumor because it was unheard of before. She was not intended to lie, but also did not to say the truth about it. It was because she was unheard of it before, and because it was only a rumor that Morgan made up for joke. Data 10: Infringing maxim of manner BEYONCE: OK. I always says I would have a baby at 30. MORGAN: I know you did. BEYONCE: Im 29 MORGAN: Exactly. This dialogue formed a maxim of manner, because Beyonce was trying to give a brief information yet perspicious about her. Regarded to the context that Morgan and Beyonce were talking abaout Beyonce’s age and maturity. Beyonce was kind of afraid to talked to Morgan. Now, Beyonce gave a statement that she would have a baby at 30 even she was still 29 at that time. Morgan agreed on her statement, he did not opting out or teasing her. But Beyonce clarifies her condition by saying “ I’m 29” because she was afraid that Morgan would teasing her. Beyonce was kinda kinky to speak, it made her did infringing maxim of manner. That was why she concerned on the age, she mentioned it again to disctinct. Data 11: Opting out maxim of quantity MORGAN: Does money bring happiness to you? BEYONCE: No. No. It brings some happiness. It bridges comfort. But absolutely MORGAN: I always think, if you have a lot of money, you dont have to worry about money. A lot of people in the world have to worry about money. This dialogue should a maxim of quality, regarded to Morgan’s question that requiring an answer of something personal ideaasking an opinion by asking “ Does money bring happiness to you?”, he expected Beyonce could fulfill that with something surprising and honest. The context was still in a Limo heading to South Kingston. The reason why Morgan asking that question because he knew that Beyonce now is one of new millionaire for her achievements. It was quite obviously that Beyonce was opting out, she answers “no” that mean she was disagree, but then she gave a statement “It brings some happiness. It bridges comfort. But absolutely “ which as if she was agreed to say ‘yes’ to Morgan’s question. Beyonce did that because she did not intend to be arrogant, but she could not avoid about the fact that she felt good about it and to be honest about what she said. Data 12: Opting out maxim of quality MORGAN: Is that what Glastonburry does to you? BEYONCE: It’s the mud. It’s all the beautiful people. Everyone is— MORGAN: A lot of them are ugly actually. BEYONCE: No, I love it. Its not about fashion. Its not about trying to be cool. Everyone just is cool. And thats what I love about it. Its not about your production. Its not about how many hits you have. Its about good music and everything coming from the inside and everyone has so much love and appreciation for a good performance. And, you know, I love when I cannot have to think about all the other things that are not as interesting and I can just belt out the songs and dance from the heart and I know that its appreciated. These utterances formed maxim of quality, because Morgan was asking Beyoncé about what was thinking about Glastonbury the event. Glastonbury as known as a contemporary art festival held in a small town named Glastonbury, Somerset, England. 42 The condition there when she performed was muddy because of the place covered with wet soil. Beyoncé gave statement she said “Mud” she meant indeed, she had been thinking about what she experienced there. But here, Morgan was asking Beyoncé about how Beyoncé thought about the event 42 http:www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk accessed September 15, 2014 Glastonbury, not about the place or condition there. That was why Morgan concerned to the people. Then, Beyoncé made the next statement by opting out it for defending by said “no, I love it”, because she has just realized that she did not give an answer as required. Beyoncé gave a quite clear opting out her opinion in the next statement after Morgan said “people there are ugly...” which actually she did not mean it. For that, Beyoncé did opting out maxim of quality. In the utterance the implicature is when Beyoncé said “it’s the mud, it’s all beautiful people..” she tried to give information as required, but she was misleading from the focus of Morgan’s question, she intended to say about the condition there and also the people. But Morgan concerned only about the people. Data 13: Opting out maxim of quality MORGAN: Quite intimidating this thing you do. BEYONCE: No, but I definitely feel that it is my job to empower women, and I remember having this dream that my band was all females and I told my male band at the time -- Im sorry, guys. You all are so talented but youre not women. And they all had wigs on and came to the last performance like, we can do it. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, where Morgan was asking Beyoncé about her opinion by his sarcastic statement. They were talking about the theme of Beyoncé’s concert at Glastonbury last night. The theme was “Girl Power” which was Beyoncé more likely praised and rising of women. The reason why Morgan gives a word “intimidating” is because she is indeed on her Beyoncé theme was Girl Power and she is. But Beyoncé opting out Morgan’s statement by says “no” yet, if we see her statement, she kept on intimidating males. According to Beyoncé’s statement, she did opting out maxim of quality. It made the Beyoncé’s opinion utterance as an implicature, because she was intending to safe her good opinion from a negative assumption of Morgan. And she avoided to do not hurt males role, even she was said it misleading. Data 14: Opting out maxim of quality BEYONCE: Well, I did everything. You know, I definitely enjoyed the simple things like, you know, driving and picking my nephew up from school. Traveling but not working and actually visiting museums and seeing ballets and having great conversations with people on the plane. MORGAN: Really? BEYONCE: Yes. Just having normal -- MORGAN: Why do I never get to sit next to people like you on a plane? Can you let me know your schedule next time? BEYONCE: OK. LAUGHTER This dialogue formed maxim of quality, because they were talking about opinions of Beyoncé about her greatest moment in life. This is clearly that Morgan did opting out a maxim, because he was feeling suspicious of Beyoncé’s statement, he did not sure that Beyoncé gave a truthful opinion, and because she said that she is a diva. Morgan might expect something diva experience and such, that was why he said “really” to verify. The implicature is on “really?” Morgan and Beyoncé were talking about the greatest moment in her life. Morgan quite surprised about what Beyoncé said about she enjoyed something ordinary, not being a diva. He said “really” meant to clarify it. Morgan still expecting something diva about Beyoncé, but she did not give any expected ideas. The implicature also in the laughter, Morgan was quite joking in his utterance, but he maybe meant that. Beyoncé thought it was totally joke that was why it made they laugh. The laugh can means Beyoncé agree or even denying. It also showed that Morgan started to say it sarcastically. While him asking that question, he said it seriously, but then he laughed along Beyoncé. Data 15: Opting out maxim of quality MORGAN: Occasionally, youve just got to sit back and go, you know what? My husband is a pretty cool guy. BEYONCE: He is. MORGAN: And hes a pretty cool guy. He was there last night supporting you. Hes abandoned you with me to go to the tennis, which Im personally quite pleased about. BEYONCE: Im not. No, Im happy to be here with you. This dialogue formed maxim of quality, because Morgan was trying to know about Beyonce’s relationship with her husband. Morgan and Beyoncé were talking about Beyoncé’s husband, Jay-Z. Morgan was teasing Beyoncé with his utterance that as if her husband not as good as she thought. Beyoncé was said that she found the first and only love on her husband Jay-Z, and said how she adore of him, he is a kind guy and such. It is clear how Beyoncé did opting out the maxim of quality. She was really pranked by Morgan. Morgan gave a statement to lead his interview misleading of her own statement. Implicature occurs when Beyoncé keep on her opinion, that she and her husband were pleased to let Beyoncé got the interview in Piers Morgan by saying “Im not. No, Im happy to be here with you” Here means, Beyoncé was trying to be defendable her own opinion. Data 16: Opting out maxim of quality MORGAN: Its beginning to sound a bit like your mother, which makes me think you are now heading to the right kind of time in your life – BEYONCE: Im turning into my mom. MORGAN: No, I didnt say that. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, because they were talking about the opinion of Beyonce. Morgan and Beyonce were talking about Beyonce’s age, maturity and how proud she was to her mother. Morgan tried to combined both subjects. Morgan’s utterance was a trigger that made Beyonce feel like Morgan was meant to say she is turning like her mother, about the age, maturity and Beyonce would be like her role model. Beyonce agreed with that statement. But Morgan was opting out, he made as if she talking by herself side without any offenced. The implicature is on utterance “no, I didn’t say that” by Morgan, showed that Morgan trying to opting out the utterance of Beyonce, as if she was telling by herself, without forced by him. Data 17: Opting out maxim of quality MORGAN: Its beginning to sound a bit like your mother, which makes me think you are now heading to the right kind of time in your life – BEYONCE: Im turning into my mom. MORGAN: No, I didnt say that. BEYONCE: You are trying to say I need to have a baby. MORGAN: I didnt even ask the question. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality and still in the context that Morgan and Beyonce were talking about Beyonce’s age, maturity and how proud she was to her mother. Because this is the sequel of the previous event, Morrgan did opting out his utterace again, which is contained an implicature that Morgan act as if Beyonce let her words out by herself, without any forced by him. Beyonce felt Morgan was forcing her to say about her maturity as she said before, that she was going to be at 30 years old in September. Morgan opting out Beyonce’s statement even he indeed meant to. Data 18: Opting out maxim of manner MORGAN: The big question really, I need to ask you, is you or J.Lo? BEYONCE: Me or who? MORGAN: Jay-Lo This dialogue formed a maxim of manner, because Morgan was asking a question something informative about his interviewee. Morgan and Beyoncé were in a Limo, heading to South Kingston, to visit the premiere selling album of Beyoncé there. Morgan was tempted Beyoncé about what she thought about rivalry. But Beyoncé was surprised of Morgan’s question. She opting out the question by verifying question, it made an implicature according to her utterance, by saying “me or who?” it showed that she was surprised and she never guessed Morgan would ask that one. She is surprised and awkward to answer it. Data 19: Opting out of maxim quality MORGAN: You think shes got a better booty than you? BEYONCE: No, Im not saying anything. Im not comparing my booty to J-Los. MORGAN: Who are the real rivals for you? Dont pretend you dont have them. Everyone needs rivals. Who are the names you look for to compare yourself to, in terms of success? BEYONCE: Well, to be honest with you, in the past, I have always looked at my last performances and my last chart positions, and tried to figure out how I can better myself. I dont feel like I really have any -- I dont want to say rivals. There are people that I respect. There are people that I admire. Like, I love Gaga. Shes like -- not even -- more than an artist, as a human being, shes just so genuine and such a really nice person, and brilliant. This dialogue formed a maxim of quality, because Morgan was asking about what Beyoncé think about something. He expected something personal ideas. Regarded to the context about Morgan’s tempt to ask Beyoncé about rivalry on her opinion. Morgan tried to convince about his question and Beyoncé’s answer even he was trying to forced Beyoncé to speak controversially. Beyoncé was opting out her answer by saying”No, Im not saying anything. Im not comparing my booty to J-Los”, she said that ashamedly, and the implicature found in this utterance. She said that because she did not want to make any rivals by comparing herself with another celebrity even for a good reason. She was trying to keep herself safe and peace because it was in public event, which everybody could see. Data 20: Suspending maxim of quality MORGAN: Its the tastiest thing youll ever eat. BEYONCE: Its like a Popeyes chicken biscuit, my favorite. Im supposed to be proper. Im having tea. MORGAN: Its pretty cool, isnt it. Isnt it nice? This dialogue formed a maxim of quality. When Beyonce said something personal about her opinion of food she eating. In this section, Morgan invited Beyonce to taste a Scone 43 . Beyonce was tasting a scone served by Morgan, scone is a creamed biscuit, it is a snack for having with a cup of tea in British culture. In America, Beyonce is a huge fan of the chicken at American food chain POPEYES 44 . Implicature occurs while Beyonce said “it’s like Popeye chicken biscuit…” she said because that was the first time she had a scone, that was why she comparing or imagine the scone’s cream is like Popeye’s chicken biscuit in her habitual in America. Because Popeye’s Chiken is her favorite in hometown, United States of America. 43 Harper, Douglas 2001. Scone . Online Etymology Dictionary. Dictionary.com. Sept 4 th , 2014 44 http:www.contactmusic.comnews-articlebeyonce-too-embarrassed-to-take-free- chicken . Sept 4 th , 2014 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

The relationship of the interviewer and the interviewee in making contributions in a conversation may affected unobservant of maxim. Both of the interviewer and the interviewee are unobserving the maxim in several ways. Based on the findings, there are 4 types of maxim and 4 non- observance of maxim. The most common maxim that found unobserved is maxim of quality. It is because, in an interview, there are many opinions might be asked and show the facts of the interviewee. And, the most common type of non-observance of maxim is opting out a maxim. As mentioned above, inobservance maxim of quality consists of opinions, and it may leads act opting out a maxim, to defend and also for keeping the image of the interviewee from unexpected questions. It shows the differential background of knowledge especially in communication skill of each participant. There are several ways that may lead implicature, one of which is the inobservance of maxim. The inobservance maxim occurs when the speaker and the listener have different culture, mental, social and knowledge. Here, Beyoncé and Morgan have differences in culture. While Beyoncé is American, Morgan is British. Both of them deliver their message bounded by their own cultural common-sense; it might be 44 something personal perception, all of which can be defines as a context. To understand the communication, the participants should be aware not only utterances, but also the observance of maxim, to reach the goal as informative as required.

B. Suggestions

The researcher suggests it would be better do research using the corpora taken from daily live conversation, so it can makes something more real, analytical and absolutely will be make some real benefits for linguistic research. Theoretically, besides cooperative principle, the similar corpus can be analyzed through some theories in pragmatics, such as politeness, conversational analysis CA, and speech act. BIBLIOGRAPHY Clark, H Eve V. C. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1977 Cutting, Joan, Pragmatics and Discourse, London: Routledge, 2002 Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen, and Heidi E. Hamilton, “The Handbook of Discourse Analysis” Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher, 2001 Eriyanto. Analisis Wacana. Yogyakarta: LKiS Yogyakart, 2001 George Yule. Pragmatics, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996 Grice, H. P. Logic and conversation. In P. Cole and J. Morgan eds Studies in Syntax and Semantics III: Speech Acts, New York: Academic Press,1975 Grice, H. P. Logic and Coversation. In Peter Cole Ed.. Syntax and Semantics Volume 3. New York: Acadenic Press, 1975. Grice, Paul. Logic and conversation. In Cole, P.; Morgan, J. Syntax and semantics. 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press 1975 Grice, H. P. Studies in The Way of Words, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, 1989 Gunarwan, Asim. Pragmatik: Teori dan Kajian Nusantara, Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Atma Jaya, 2007 Horn, Laurence R. Implicature. “The Handbook of Pragmatics”. Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward eds. Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005 Jaworski, A. and Coupland N. “The Discourse Reader”. London and New York: Routledge, 1999 Jean Stilwell Peccei, Pragmatics, London and NewYork: Routledge, 1999 Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward, “The Handbook of Pragmatics”, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2006 Levinson, S. C. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 Nunan, David. Research Methods in Language Learning Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992