2.2.3 System of Transitivity
System of Transitivity is a part of experiential metafunction. Transitivity analysis analyzes text in terms of processes, participants and circumstances. In
analyzing text language used by the female characters in the movie, we look grammar of the clause as representation. Clause as representation means that a
clause represents both internal and external reality which realized in transitivity system of language. The focus on the clause is chosen. Since this research only
focuses on transitivity, so then it deals the way in representing pattern of experience in which language can build up picture of reality. In doing the analysis
by using transitivity means that we see and focus on the process which is the pivotal element of transitivity just how it is stated by Halliday 1994 saying that,
“the transitivity system construes the world of experiences into a manageable set of process types”. Since this research focuses on the analysis of the process, it will
be better to explain deeply about types of processes. There are six processes proposed by Halliday in transitivity system which comprise material process,
mental process, relational process, behavioral process, verbal process and existential process. The more explanation are clarified as follow:
1. Material Process
According to Halliday and Matthiessen 2004:181, material clauses construe figures of doing and happening. It is the process which construes doing
by answering t he question “what did X do?” or “what happened?” It can be said
that material process expresses the notion that some entity „does‟ something to some other entity. Based on the concept of “doing and happening” in material
process, it is classified into transitive and intransitive. It is called intransitive whenever it represents a happening process. On the other hand, it is called as
transitive whenever it represents a doing process. Briefly, it can be said that material process is a type of process concerning with the process doing and
happening. The main participant of this process is an Actor the doer of the process, while the object is called as Goal thing affected by the process. For
clearer comprehension, the examples are given.
Table 2.1 Example of „intransitive‟ material clause the process of happening
The wind Blows
Actor Process: material
Table 2.2 Example of „transitive‟ material clause the process of doing
The wind is blowing
the leaves Actor
Process : Material Goal
In both clauses, the Actor realized by the nominal group “the wind” is an
inherent participant. The implication is that in both cases the wind did something; but in a the doing was confined to the wind, whereas in b it was directed at, or
extended to, the leaves which then become as the goal. According to Halliday, the Actor is an inherent participant in both
intransitive and transitive material clauses while the Goal is inherent in transitive clauses. In addition to these two participants, there are a number of other
p articipant roles that may be involved in the process of a „material‟ clause; these
are: Scope, Recipient, and Client and more marginally Attribute. To help in understanding of these other participant roles, several examples are given as
follows. Table 2.3 Example of material process with Scope
The judges
are counting the final score
before announcement Actor
Process: material Scope
Circumstance Table 2.4 Example of material process with Recipient
I Give
a novel to my best friend
Actor Process: material
Goal Recipient
Table 2.5 Example of material process with Client She
Sends a letter
for her mother Actor
Process: material Goal
Client Table 2.6 Example of material process with Attribute
He Harvests
his fresh apple every year
Actor Process: material
Attribute Circumstance
2. Mental Process
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