of the female characters “Clarisse” and “Annabeth” in Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, are revealed by the result of the dominant verb process analysis which
is used by Clarisse and Annabeth which then will be compared to the theory of gender.
2.2.4 Theory of Representation
To find and reveal how gender is represented, firstly it needs to know what actually representation is. Dealing with this issue, theory of representation
proposed by Hall applies in this present research. According to Hall 2003:16, “Representation is the production of the meaning through language”. It means
that to represent is to say something meaningfully by using language. In understanding the concept of representation we need to know that there are two
systems of r epresentations; the concepts and a language. The first systems “the
concepts” are formed in the mind; function as a system of mental representation which classifies and organizes the world into meaningful categories”. The second
is a language, through in which we communicate the meaning of a concept for something.
To gain more comprehension about theory of representation, Hall 2003:37 divides this theory into three approaches; the reflective approach,
intentional approach and constructionist approach. As how he explains that
“The reflective or mimetic approach proposed a direct and transparent relationship of imitation or reflection between
words signs and things. The intentional theory reduced representation to the intentions of its author or subject. The
constructionist theory proposed a complex and mediated relationship between things in the world, our concepts in
thought and language. We have focused at greatest length on
this approach.”
Among those approaches, the constructionist is the appropriate approach to be applied in this research especially the discursive approach which is proposed by
Foucault. In this approach Foucault outlines three of his major ideas: his concept of discourse; the issue of power and knowledge; and the question of the subject.
In his concept of discourse, Foucault mentions discourse as a group of statements which provide a language for talking about; a way of representing the knowledge
about; a particular topic at a particular historical moment. The concept of discourse in this usage is not purely a linguistic concept rather it is about
language and practice. The concept of discourse is not about whether things exist but about where meaning comes from. In line with this research, the discourse
term related is dealing with gender discourse. It means that in understanding gender discourse based on the discursive approach which focuses on the idea of
discourse, it will see where the meaning or the concept of gender comes from. This discourse idea is what this research pays attention to. Further, this research
also chooses another Foucault‟s idea in the discursive approach, which is the idea of knowledge and power. In this idea Foucault believes that knowledge and power
which foreground the relation between discourses. He mentions that all political and social forms of thought, he believes, are inevitably caught up in the interplay
of knowledge and power. Related to this research, it means that gender in this case as a social form of thoughts is having a connection with the idea of knowledge
and power. Seeing the form of power and knowledge which mentioned by Foucault, it is always rooted in particular context and histories. In the case of this
research especially related to the story of the movie chosen, the concept of power and knowledge is indeed rooted in particular context and histories. The context
deals with the story in the movie which tells about ancient Greek mythology. In short, it can be assumed that in the discursive approach which focuses on the idea
of power and knowledge, to see how gender is represented, it should pay attention to the concept of power and knowledge which is rooted in particular context and
histories. In addition, this research also chooses another Foucault‟s idea in the discursive approach, which is the idea of the question of the subject or
subjectivity. The idea of subject is that it is produced within discourse. Relate to this research, the idea of subject means to represent we should also see the subject
who represents or personify the particular forms of knowledge which the
discourse produces. We should also see the subject as the one who determines the meaning. Is the subject definitely the actor or not. It should be paid attention to. In
other words, in representing gender, we should see the subject who does represent gender.
By paying attention to these two ideas in the discursive approach of constructionist, the issue of gender representation will be revealed. Since language
plays as important role as the media of how something can be represented including gender, so then the central analysis of this present research only focuses
on the language used by Clarisse and Annabeth of course with the concept of the question of the subject or subjectivity to be linked with the language.
2.2.5 Theory of Gender
