Instrument of the Research Technique of Data Analysis

Present Perfect-Past Perfect Simple Past-Past Perfect Simple Future-Past Future 3,6,7 4 5 II Part B: Changing the direct statement into indirect statement with suitable pronouns: The 1 st and 2 nd person turns into 3 rd person:  My-herhis  You-mesheheIthey  Me-himher  I-heshe  Your-my 1 3,6,8,9,10 2,5 7 4 Here is the table which describes the recapitulation of students’ error: Table 4.2 The Recapitulation of Students’ Error No Student Error Classification Total of Errors O DM SA RE O-G AF M 1. Student 1 1 - - 1 2 1 - 5 2. Student 2 - - - 2 3 1 - 6 3. Student 3 - - 1 4 1 2 - 8 4. Student 4 1 - - 3 1 2 - 7 5. Student 5 - - - 3 2 2 1 8 6. Student 6 - - - 3 2 3 - 8 7. Student 7 - - - 4 4 1 - 9 8. Student 8 1 - - 1 1 1 - 4 9. Student 9 1 - - 2 2 - - 5 10. Student 10 1 - - 1 3 4 - 9 11. Student 11 - - 1 2 - 1 - 4 12. Student 12 - - - 3 3 2 - 8 13. Student 13 1 - - 1 2 1 - 5 14. Student 14 1 - - 2 - - - 3 15. Student 15 - - - 2 2 2 - 6 16. Student 16 2 - - 1 3 3 - 9 17. Student 17 - - - 3 1 4 - 8 18. Student 18 - - 1 2 1 1 - 5 19. Student 19 1 - - 2 1 2 - 6 20. Student 20 - - - 3 2 2 - 7 Total 10 - 3 45 36 35 1 130 In this research, classification of error which is used is based on surface strategy taxonomy to classify the students’ errors. From the data, it can be described that the errors in regularization error are the most frequent errors in which the students committed 45 errors. It is followed by over- generalization with 36 errors. After that, alternating form which consists of 35 errors. Error in omission there are 10 errors. Simple addition consists of 3 errors. Error in misordering is only 1 error. There is no double marking error which is made by the students. The whole errors which are made by the students are 130 errors.

2. Data for Causes of Error

After doing written test to get data for types of error, in this research interview is also carried out to find out the causes of error which are made by the students. The questions interview are around whether the students get difficulties in learning reported speech of statements, whether the students know the rules in changing direct speech into reported speech, and whether the students are aware toward their errors in the test.

B. Data Analysis

1. Analysis Data for Types of Error

After analyzing the data, in this part, the data of the students’ error will be described as follow: Description of Students’ Error in Omission Table 4.3 Error in Omission Item Number Student Error Identification Error Causes Error Correction A-1 Student 1 Student 4 Student 9 Student 19 Mary said she like chocolate very much. Interlingual Transfer Mary said she liked chocolate very much. A-6 Student 13 Student 14 Student 16 My sister said she had watch that movie. Intralingual Transfer My sister said she had watched that movie. A-7 Student 8 Student 10 Student 16 Fernando said he had visit Paris twice. Intralingual Transfer Fernando said he had visited Paris twice. Description of Students’ Error in Omission describes that in item number A-1. There are 4 students who made error which is caused by Interlingual Transfer. There are 3 students who made error in item number A- 6 which is caused by Intralingual Transfer. The last, item number A-7 got 3