Previous Study Conceptual Framework

D. The Analytical Construct

Figure 2: The Analytical Construct Turn-taking Irregularities Turn Taking The Last Song Movie Pragmatic Study

1. Interruptions a. Cooperative

b. Intrusive 2. Overlaps

a. Transitional b. Progressional

c. Recognitional

Reasons for Overlaps:

1. to signal annoyance

2. to signal urgency 3. to correct

Reasons for Interruptions:

1. agreement 2. assistance

3. clarification 4. disagreement

5. floor-taking 6. topic-change

7. tangentialization

Verbal Communication 43

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter deals with research methods which include type of research, data and source of the data, research instrument, data collecting technique, trustworthiness of the data and data analysis. Each of which is presented below.

A. Research Type

The research employed descriptive qualitative approach by which descriptive data were gained. Bogdan and Biklen 1982:39-48 state that qualitative approach is research bringing about the descriptive data in the form of written or oral data from the subjects of the research being investigated. Meanwhile, Krathwohl 1993:740 states that qualitative research describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or measures. However, this research provided tables contain numbers to show the frequency of the occurrence of turn-taking irregularities. Those tables helped this research in conducting the conclusion of the result which further described in chapter four. So, this research was mainly qualitative, but quantitative ways provided to show numbers in order to help this study in describing the data. This research was qualitative in nature due to its data characteristics and descriptive analysis. This is due to the fact that the qualitative research is to describe analytically particular phenomena or situations that become the focus of the research. In this research, the phenomena or situation under observation were the turn-taking in the utterances uttered by the characters in The Last Song movie. This research has two objectives; finding out types of turn-taking irregularities done by the characters in the movie and seeking out the types of reasons for doing turn-taking irregularities.

B. Research Procedure

In conducting this research, some steps were used in the process of the research from the beginning of the research until the final result. Research procedure was applied in order to get proper measurement on scientific research. The steps of the research procedure are provided below. 1. watching the movie entitled The Last Song 2. identifying the problems in The Last Song movie 3. formulating the research problems 4. determining the objectives of the study 5. determining theories on context and turn-taking to analyze the data 6. collecting the data manually 7. transferring the chosen data into a data sheet 8. reporting the data

C. Data, Context and Source of the Data

The data of this research were in the forms of utterances uttered by the characters in the movie. Those utterances can be in the forms of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences uttered by the characters in the movie, while the context of this data was the conversations among characters in the movie. Obviously, the source of the data was a movie entitled The Last Song movie. The film was in the forms of VCD Video Compact Disk. The secondary source of the data was the script of the film that is taken from internet from http:www.subscene.com.

D. Research Instrument

Since this research is qualitative, the main instrument of the research is the researcher herself, as stated by Bogdan and Biklen 1982:27. This means that the researcher plays the role as the designer, the data collector, the analyst, the data interpreter, and eventually the reporter of the research findings. In addition, a data sheet serves as secondary instrument as a guide for the process of identification and analysis. After all data were identified, they were transcripted into data sheet to be analyzed. The data sheet is provided as follow.