analyzes a movie entitled
The Last Song
, while Prabesti‟s research analyzes a TV series entitled
Grey‟s Anatomy.
C. Conceptual Framework
To analyze data in
The Last Song
movie, this research employs descriptive-qualitative approach, by which the data are described. In addition, a
table contains number to help the descriptions of the findings. Meanwhile, theories used to analyze turn-taking irregularities in
The Last Song
movie are Pragmatics theories, especially theories on turn-taking irregularities. This study
analyzes the occurrences of turn-taking irregularities in The Last Song movie based on the theory of context which means context has strong influence to the
occurrences of turn-taking irregularities in the movie. There are some theories from some experts used in this research. For the
main theory, this research uses theory from Zimmerman and West 1975 who divide turn-taking irregularities into two types; interruptions and overlaps. In
order to analyze the turn-taking irregularities in more detail, this research also employs theory from Murata to classify types of Interruptions. Murata 2006
divides interruptions into two types; cooperative and intrusive interruption. While for the partition for overlaps, this research uses theory from Jefferson
1983 who divides overlaps into three types; progressional, transitional, and recognitional overlap.
Nevertheless, the analysis does not stop in turn-taking irregularities and their types. This research goes further to seek out reasons for doing turn-taking
irregularities. For the partitions of the reasons for doing turn-taking irregularities, this research uses other theories from different experts. For
reasons of doing overlaps, this research uses theory stated by Cook 1989 who conveys three reasons in doing overlaps. They are for showing correction,
urgency, and annoyance. While for the reasons in doing interruptions, this research uses theory proposed by Cennedy and Camden 1983 who present
seven reasons for doing interruptions. They are for agreement, assistance, clarification, disagreement, floor-taking, topic-change, and tangentialization. In
order to give picture of how this research is conducted, an analytical construct is provided as follow.
D. The Analytical Construct
Figure 2: The Analytical Construct
Turn-taking Irregularities
Turn Taking
The Last Song Movie
Pragmatic Study
1. Interruptions a. Cooperative
b. Intrusive 2. Overlaps
a. Transitional b. Progressional
c. Recognitional
Reasons for Overlaps:
1. to signal annoyance
2. to signal urgency 3. to correct
Reasons for Interruptions:
1. agreement 2. assistance
3. clarification 4. disagreement
5. floor-taking 6. topic-change
7. tangentialization
Verbal Communication
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