Research Goal and Method

determining the source of the texts, conducting an initial interview, arranging some pointers for the interviews, conducting in-depth interviews, and describing and interpreting the texts, as illustrated in Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2. Research Procedure Goal: Describing and interpreting graduate students’ lived experience in writing academic papers PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI There were three illuminating participants in this study who have experienced the phenomenon. Not only that, they all were willing to share their experience.As the first stage, conducting an initial interview enabled the researcher to create a good atmosphere with the participants. Therefore, this allowed the researcher obtaining personal information of the participants. Then, the next step was conducting in-depth interviews. The in-depth interviews were all recorded and transcribed. Therefore, the recordings were converted into texts. After having the texts from the in-depth interviews, the transcriptions were all coded. Hence, coding the transcription allowed the researcher to narrow the text into several themes. It led the researcher, as the following step, to generate the themes which later used in analyzing the phenomenon in this study. There were another four steps in this research procedure. Those steps were describing the texts, interpreting the texts, doing member checking, and writing the final version. The description of the participants’ lived experience consisting of both pre-figured and emerging themes were made in describing the texts. In addition, the description of the participants’ lived experience in writing academic papers was based on the fields in lived experience, namely, understanding, belief, feeling, action and intention. Further, the researcher referred back to the texts and tried to relate it with the theories in order to make the interpretation. In addition, this study employed member checking to validate the findings. Therefore, the participants were all asked to check both interpretation and description of their lived experience in writing academic papers. As the last step, the researcher revised the description and interpretation based on the member checking done by the participants.

4. Components

The sources of the text of this study were three illuminating participants of ELS students of 2014 academic year. In addition, those participants had different background of streams in ELS; Education, Linguistics and Literature. The participants can be seen in the table 3 below. Table 3.1 Participants in the research Participants Pseudo name Information Major Asti ELS Student 2014 Linguistics Jaya ELS Student 2014 Education Cahyo ELS Student 2014 Literature As the components of the study, the source of data in this research was graduate students of ELS who experienced writing academic papers in English Language Studies, Sanata Dharma University. According to Creswell 2012, there is should be a consideration in selecting the participants in phenomenological study. He points out that in a phenomenological study, a researcher needs to find more individuals who have experienced the phenomenon. Thus, all the participants in this study were all selected based on the consideration as stated previously. In addition, Moustakas 1994 states another consideration in selecting the participants which is the illumination aspect. In selecting the participants, there are four criteria as proposed by Moustakas 1994. First, the research participant must have experienced the phenomena. Second, the participants are interested in understanding its nature and meanings. Third, they have a great willing to participate in a lengthy interview. The last, the participants PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI