Research Question Research Goal and Objective

According to Husserl 1963, phenomenology studies the structure of eight types of experience. Those structures are perception, thought, memory, imagination, emotion, desire, and volition to bodily awareness including action, and social activity, embodied linguistic activity. The structure of these forms of experience involves intentionality. Intentionality is a founding aspect of phenomenology. It is also an important structure of human experience and the mind as the central focus. As identified by Koch 1995 Husserl views the intentionality as key in understanding of this phenomenology. He adds that Husserl saw intentionality as a process where the mind is directed toward objects of study. The experience of each person is set in a place which expands back and forth, up and down and extends to past memories and expects or anticipates the future. McIntyre Smith 1989 explains that intentionality is a characteristic feature of our mental states and experiences, especially evident in what we commonly call being conscious or aware. Awareness refers to an ability to identify, clarify, and self-examine certain situations. They add that a person is also conscious of physical objects and events which include his or her own self and other persons, and anything else that she or he brings before his or her mind. Consciousness is not separate from the world Heidegger, 1962 but is a formation of historically lived experience. He believed that understanding is a basic form of human existence in that understanding is not a way we know the world, but rather the way we are Polkinghorne, 1983. Husserl 1963 gives a further explanation on indication of a conscious experience. According to his experience, as the example, seeing and touching of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI the white paper in the dim light. It lies in front of him, appearing to him from a particular angle. The individual’s awareness yields a self-identity. Furthermore, intentionality which embodied consciousness or awareness of someone shapes and causes his or her understanding, belief, feeling, action, and intention towards things in the world McIntyre Smith, 1989. In addition, Ricoeur 1970 argues that in hermeneutics the critique of ideology should be incorporated into understanding. Ricoeur was particularly concerned with interpretation, primarily with interpreting text. He argues that human action should be understood as text which could provide better understanding and interpretation. Searching for hidden meanings through the interpretation is the demand in hermeneutics Ricoeur, 1980. Thus, he believes that people always occupy an ideological position even if they are unaware of it. As supported by Landridge 2008, interpretation could be assumed as opening new possibilities. However, Ricoeur 1970 reminds that it can be seen from the position of the researcher and influenced by ideologies. Investigating the process of person’s awareness related to a particular phenomenon means to investigate event and incidents which part of the person’s historicity. For Husserl 1963, this subject of the historicity of life, should be placed in parentheses, in order to address primarily the essence of the life of consciousness. Wachterhauser 1986 argues that language and history are conditions and limitation of understanding. As he writes: “Hermeneutical theories of understanding argue that all human understanding is never without words and never outside of time. On the contrary, what is distinctive about human understanding is that it is always in terms of some evolving linguistic framework that has been worked out over PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI