Lexical Category of the Base

23 adjective, adverb, noun, and verb. As stated by Cartair- McCarthy 2002: 45 “the terms for lexical categories are „adjective‟, „noun‟, and „verb‟. Traditionally, the term of word class is derived from a traditional terminology which is part of speech. Many contemporary linguists also define word classes as lexical categories. Every base in the data do not have the same lexical categories. They have their own lexical categories or part of speech. Plag 2003: 90 asserts that the suffix {-ful} is typically attached to the noun base. The examples of the data are revealed as follows. Table 1. The Bases of the Suffix {-ful} No Bases Words 1 care careful 2 cheer cheerful 3 resent resentful 4 taste tasteful 5 use useful 6 waste wasteful The words on the left side are bases and the words on the right side are the results of receiving the suffix {-ful} to each base. The samples of the words above are the bases of the suffix {-ful}. There is an alteration of the words after the suffixation process, which is the addition of the suffix {-ful}. The words careful, cheerful, resentful, tasteful, and useful have the part of speech as an adjective. Related to the bases, each base has a different part of speech. For instance, the bases care, cheer, taste, and use are categorized as nouns or verbs. In short, there are several words have two parts of speech as nouns and verbs. The original word 24 of those bases is a noun word so that those words considered as a noun when they are attached to the suffix {-ful}. Other examples are the words beauty and fright. The base beauty after receiving the suffix {-ful} becomes beautiful which is known as an adjective. It is similar to the base beauty, the base fright is changed from a noun to an adjective. For the words beauty and fright, they are classified only as noun bases. In short, these words only have one lexical category. Other examples are the adjective words resentful and forgetful. Those two bases come from the verb bases resent and forget. The bases resent and forget undergo the change of lexical categories from a verb to an adjective after suffixation of the suffix {-ful}. It means that the verb base is also receiving the suffix {-ful}.

a. The Noun Bases

According to the data collection, the words receiving suffix {-ful} are dominated by noun bases. There are forty noun bases receiving the suffix {-ful}. In this analysis, the researcher only puts down some examples. Below are some examples. Table 2. The Noun Base Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No Bases Words 1 art artful 2 beauty beautiful 3 duty dutiful 4 fate fateful 5 fright frightful 6 joy joyful 25 7 mercy merciful 8 peace peaceful 9 purpose purposeful 10 remorse remorseful 11 truth truthful 12 care careful 13 taste tasteful 14 use useful 15 waste wasteful 16 wrath wrathful From the table above, the bases such as beauty, duty, fate. fright, joy, mercy, and peace considered as nouns before receiving the suffix {-ful}. Therefore, the suffix {-ful} takes the noun as its base.

b. The Verb Bases

After analyzing the data, verb bases can be attached to the suffix {-ful}. Below are the data examples of the verb bases taken from The COMPLETE SHORT STORIES of Ernest Hemingway and also reinforced with Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition 2005. Table 3. The Verb Base Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No Bases Words 1 resent resentful 2 forget forgetful Plag 2003: 90 defines that the adjectival {-ful} attaches to verb bases such as forgetful, resentful, and mournful. As understanding the theory, there are only three words that can be attached to the suffix {-ful}. In this study, there are only two words of the verb base so that the verb base becomes less productive in