The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘e’
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The table above shows the bases ending with the letter „e‟. After the suffixation of the suffix {-ful}, the words such as, fateful, tasteful, useful, and
wasteful are formed. The suffix {-ful} does not change to any other form in the words tasteful, useful, wasteful, and fateful. From this analysis, we can discover
that the addition of the suffix {-ful} can be attached directly without any alteration.
There is an exception on the base ending with the letter „e‟ which is the base grate. Grate is a diachronic data because the words grate and grateful have
different meanings. The diachronic method is not applied since the researcher puts the limitation of the study. In addition, there is only one word that is categorized
as a diachronic data. Hence, the analysis of word grate is regarded as the exceptional case. The word grateful is not constructed by the base grate with the
attachment of the suffix {-ful}. However, the word grateful is derived from obsolete Latin gratus + -ful. The word gratus
means „pleasing, agreeable, and thankful‟.
ii. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘t’
Based on the data collection, there are also the bases ending with the letter „t‟. There are seven bases ending with the letter „t‟. The data occurrences of the
bases ending with „t‟ attached to the suffix {-ful} can be seen in the table below.
Table 6. The Last Letter ‘t’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 doubt
doubtful 2
forget forgetful
3 fright
frightful PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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4 hurt
hurtful 5
resent resentful
6 respect
respectful 7
tact tactful
8 thought
thoughtful The suffix {-
ful} also attaches to the bases ending with the letter „t‟. There are eight bases ending with „t‟ that are attached to the suffix {-ful}. The existence
of the bases ending with t he letter „t‟ is more than 20. It means that the bases
ending with the letter „t‟ become the second productive among other letters. From the table above, the researcher finds out that almost the entire bases
ending with „t‟ have no modification. For instance, the base doubt + {-ful}
becomes doubtful. Other examples are the bases fright and hurt + {-ful} change into frightful and hurtful. Another base is the base thought + {-ful} becomes
thoughtful . It can be concluded that the bases ending with „t‟ do not undergo the
alteration. In other words, the attachment of the suffix {-ful} is involved directly without causing any changes.
iii. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘y’
The suffix {- ful} also attaches to the bases ending with the letter „y‟. The
bases ending wi th the letter „y‟ occurs in six words. The words are presented in
the following list below.
Table 7. The Last Letter ‘y’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 beauty
beautiful 2
duty dutiful
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3 mercy
merciful 4
pity pitiful
When the suffix {-ful} attaches to the bases such as beauty, duty, mercy, and pity
, there is a replacement of the letter „y.‟ The last letter „y‟ of the base is omitted and replaced with the letter „i‟ when the suffix {-ful} attaches to the
bases. For instance, the base beauty which becomes beautiful with „y‟ is omitted
and converted into „i‟. The bases duty and mercy are similar to the base beauty. The base duty
becomes dutiful, and the base mercy becomes merciful . The letter „y‟ in the final
position of the base is omitted. The researcher figures out that these bases have two consonant letters
in the final position. The consonant „y‟ appears in the final position after the existence of the consonants „t‟ and „c‟. It can be concluded that
the consonant „y‟ is omitted when it is followed by consonants „t‟ and „c‟ in the bases beauty, duty, and mercy when receiving the suffix {-ful}. In addition, the
bases beauty, duty, mercy, and pity have two syllables. The letter „y‟ that is placed
in the second syllable as the final let ter will change into „i‟ when receiving the
suffix {- ful}. In short, the letter „y‟ is changed into „i‟ if the letter „y‟ is placed in
the second syllable. The pattern can be stated as follows
There are two bases ending with „y‟ that do not undergo the replacement. Please observe the following data below.
X- ‘ty’ + {-ful}
X – ‘ti’ + -ful X-
‘cy’ + {-ful} X – ‘ci’ + -ful
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Table 8. The Last Letter ‘y’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 joy
joyful 2
play playful
The bases joy and play are also involved with the suffix {-ful}. However, the joy and play are different to the bases beauty, mercy and pity. These words
only have one syllable. In addition, the letter „y‟ in the bases play and joy is preceded by the letter „a‟ and „o‟ that is known as vowel. Therefore, the letter „y‟
in the final letter does not undergo any alteration when the bases receiving the suffix {-ful}. For instance, the base joy + {-ful} becomes joyful. It is similar to the
base play + {-ful} which changes into playful. There is no replacement when the base joy and play attached to the suffix {-ful}. In other words, the suffix {-ful}
attaches to these bases directly without any modification of the bases.
iv. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘r’
The bases having the last letter „r‟ occur in five occasions according to The COMPLETE SHORT STORIES of Ernest Hemingway. The data are presented in
the table below.
Table 9. The Last Letter ‘r’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 cheer
cheerful 2
fear fearful
3 power
powerful 4
tear tearful
5 wonder
wonderful PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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As the data above, the bases such as power becomes powerful, cheer becomes cheerful, and wonder becomes wonderful. It shows that these bases end
with the last letter „r‟ in the last position of the base. The suffix {-ful} which attaching to the
bases ending with „r‟ do not experience the change. Thus, the addition of the suffix {-
ful} can be directly attached to the base ends with „r‟. v.
The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘h’
The bases ending with the letter „h‟ appear in four words. The occurrence of the letter „h‟ is only 9.5 . Below are the data.
Table 10. The Last Letter ‘h’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 faith
faithful 2
truth truthful
3 wrath
wrathful 4
youth youthful
In this case, it is found that the suffix {-ful} is followed by the base that ends with the last letter „h‟. When the bases faith and youth are attached to the
suffix {-ful}, they change into faithful and youthful. The suffixation is adding the suffix {-ful} to the bases without any alteration in the bases and the form of the
suffix {-ful}. In short, the bases faith and youth is followed directly by the suffix
{-ful}. vi.
The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘n’
The bases of the suffix {- ful} ending with the letter „n‟ infrequently appear
based on the data collection. The occurre nce of the bases ending with „n‟ is only
in two words. The data is the words sin and pain. Those words are shown in the following list below.
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Table 11. The Last Letter ‘n’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 pain
painful 2
sin sinful
As mentioned in the data above, the attachment of the suffix {-ful} to bases ending with the letter „n‟ does not change the spellings of the bases. It can
be seen in the bases pain and sin. When the base pain is added to the suffix {-ful}, it changes directly into painful without any alteration. The same thing also
happens to the base sin + {-ful} which changes into sinful. It can be concluded that there is no change orthographically of the bases ending with the letter „n‟
when they are added to the suffix {-ful}.
vii. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘l’
According to the data, the number of the base ending with the letter „l‟ is
only occurs in one word. The word is as follows. Table 12. The Last Letter ‘l’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful}
No Base
Word
1 skill
skillful Th
e researcher can only find one noun that ends with the last letter „l‟. The datum is the base skill that is categorized as a noun base. When this base is
attached to the suffix {-ful}, it does not make any change orthographically. It is proven when the base skill + {-ful} becomes skillful.
viii. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘d’
Besides the bases ending with the letter „n‟, the base ending with the letter „d‟ also rarely appears based on the data collection. The base ending with „d‟ is
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taken from The COMPLETE SHORT STORIES of Ernest Hemingway. The base ending with „d‟ appears only in one word. This word is presented can be seen in
the table below. Table 13. The Last Letter ‘d’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful}
No Base
Word
1 hand
handful There is only one noun t
hat ends with the last letter „d‟ namely handful. The base ending with letter „d‟, hand, after attached to the suffix {-ful} alters into
handful . When the base ending with „d‟ is received by the suffix {-ful}, it does not
make any change. In other words, the base ending with „d‟ does not undergo any
alteration. The suffix {-ful} can be attached to the base directly.
ix. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘s’
The last datum is the base with the letter „s‟ in the final position. There is only one word with „s‟ that is considered as the base of the suffix {-ful}. This
word is listed in the table below.
Table 14. The Last Letter ‘s’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Base Word
1 success
successful Above is the datum of the base ending with the letter „s‟. The base success
when it is attached to the suffix {-ful}, the base changes into successful. It shows that when the base success changes into successful, there is no alteration in the
base and the form of the suffix {-ful}. To sum up, orthographically, all of the bases of the suffix {-ful} undergo
the simple affixation. The simple affixation means that every base is directly
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attached to the suffix {-ful} without any alteration. The bases care, hurt, and play when attached to the suffix {-ful} change into careful, hurtful, and playful. It
proves that the suffix {-ful} is directly added to the bases without any alteration of the spelling. The simple affixation can be indicated through this following
formula.
However, there is an exceptional case for the bases ended with last letter „y‟. For the bases beauty, duty, mercy, and pity undergo the replacement because
the letter „y‟ is preceded by a consonant. After receiving the suffix {-ful}, the bases beauty becomes beautiful, duty becomes dutiful, mercy becomes merciful,
and pity becomes pitiful. It proves that the letter „y‟ on the final position of the
bases changes into „i‟ after receiving the suffix {-ful}.