1 Classification of subject, it introduces the subject of the report, general declaration of the report and the classification.
2 Description they are usually in paragraphs. They contain series of facts about various aspect of the subject.
40
e. Procedure Text Procedure Text is instruction how to do and how to make something through a
sequence of step.
41
The purpose of procedure text is to describe how something is accomplished through a series of actions or steps.
42
The generic structure are goal, material, and steps. The language feature of procedure text are focus on general
human agents, use simple present tense, often imperative, use mainly of temporal conjunction or numbering to indicate sequence, and use mainly of material process.
The example of procedure text are how to make sandwich, how to make a cup of coffee, and how to make an omelet.
Based on these explanation, it can be concluded that there are many kinds of text in teaching writing for student of senior high school and each student must be able to
understand the generic structure and language feature of the texts.
40
Murkanto et al, English on the Sky for Senior High School Students Year XI, Jakarta, Erlangga, 2006, p. 135
41
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Type in English South Yara: MacMillan Education, 2003, p.51
42
Ibid, p.50
G. Concept of Descriptive Text
1. The Definition of Descriptive Text
Text is a continuous piece of spoken or written language, especially one with a recognizable beginning and ending. It means text is a part of spoken or written
language form. In addition, non-creative forms of writing, particularly essay writing, have traditionally been classified into four types.
43
Richard has cleared in the book about list the four types of non-creative forms of writing as follows :
a. Descriptive writing as provides a verbal picture and account of a person, place or thing. It ,means that descriptive writing is to describe the characteristic of
people, place or thing. b. Narrative writing reports an event or tells the story of something that
happened. c. Expository writing provides information about and explain a particular
subject. Pattern of development within expository writing include giving examples, describing a process of doing or making something, analyzing
causes and effect, comparing andor contrasting, defining a term or concept, and dividing something into part or classifying it into categories.
d. Argumentative writing attempt to support a controversial point or defend a position on which there is a difference of opinion, ESL writing programs have
often been based on the assumption that novice writers should begin with the
43
R.I Trask, Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge. 1999, p. 208
simplest mode-the descriptive essay, and gradually move to learning the most difficult-the argumentative one.
44
In addition, descriptive text is a text which is intended to describe a particular person, place or thing.
45
It means descriptive text is a kind of text with a purpose to give information about particular person, place or thing. “it differs from report which
describes things, animals, persons, or others in general. The social function of descriptive text is to describe a particular person, place, or thing”.
46
It can be concluded that descriptive text is a type of text which describes a particular person, or
thing.
2. Generic Structure
The generic structure of descriptive text consist of identification and description. Identification is identifies phenomenon to be described. Description is describes
parts, qualities, characteristics, etc.
47
it means descriptive text has two common composition of text. Those are identification and description.
44
Jack C. Richard Schmidt, Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, New York: Longman, 1992, p.372
45
Juanita Siahaan, An Analysis of Students’ Ability and Difficulties in Writing Descriptive Text.
Journal of Englis and Education. Vol.1.Issue 1. 2013,p.115, http:www.ejournal.upi.edu, retrieved on April 2
nd
, 2016
46
M Mursyid PW, Loc. Cit.
47
Ibid, p. 5
3. Linguistic Features
“Linguistic features of descriptive text are: use specific participant, written in present tense, use linking verbs, use adjective, use relational and material processes”.
48
It means there are some linguistic features of descriptive text. Those are specific
participant, written in present tense, use linking verbs, use adjectives, use relational and material processes. Thus, there is correlation between simple present tense and
descriptive text.
4. Descriptive Text Writing Ability
Writing ability is the skill of a writer to communicate information to a reader or group of readers.
49
It means that writing ability is the ability to express the ideas and thought in writing clearly that must be mastered by the writer. In writing, there are
five aspects that must be ordered by writer. It is needed to give clearly of information that as the writer means. It means that in doing writing, the students have to attend the
five component of writing in order to create good writing. According to Siahaan descriptive text is a text which is intended to describe a
particular person, place or thing.
50
It means descriptive text is a kind of text with a purpose to give information about particular person, place or thing.
Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that descriptive text writing ability is the ability to express ideas, feelings, and thoughts in written form to describe and
48
Juanita Siahaan. Op. Cit, p. 115
49
Sanggam Siahaan, Op. Cit, p. 2
50
Juanita Siahaan. Op. Cit, p. 115
