2. Sample
Lodico, Dean, and Katherine states that sample is a smaller group selected from a larger population that is representative of the larger population.
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So it can be concluded that sample is smaller group as part of population and it is also chosen as
representative data of whole population. The sample in this research is a part population of the eight grade of SMPN 1 Karya Penggawa Pesisir Barat. In this
research, the writer used a sampling technique called cluster random sampling because the classes are homogenous and the sample from group or class. The sample
of the research was taken from VIII A class. It can be seen appendix 14.
3. Sampling Technique
In this research, the writer was used cluster random sampling as sampling technique. The selection of groups, or clusters, of subjects rather than individuals is known as
cluster random sampling.
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Cluster random sampling is similar to simple random sampling expect that groups rather than individuals are randomly selected that is, the
sampling unit is a group rather than an individual. The advantages of cluster random sampling are that it can be used when it is often far easier to implement in schools,
and it is frequently less time-consuming. It is disadvantage is that there is a far greater chance of selecting a sample that is not representative of the population.
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It can be concluded cluster random sampling is procedure of sampling that uses a group as
5
Marguerite G. Lodico, Dean T. Spaulding and Katherine H. Voegtle, Op.Cit, p. 143
6
Jack R. Fraenkel and Norman E. Wallen, Op.Cit, p. 95
7
Ibid.
sampling than individual. The names of each class was written in a small piece of paper and then these papers are rolled in put into a box, after that the box is shaken
abd then took one piece of paper as the sample of the research. It was gotten VIII A as a sample of the research.
E. Data Collecting Technique
In collecting the data of this research, the writer used the following test: 1. Simple present tense mastery test
The objective test that is multiple choices test with four options a, b, c, and d. The writer used objective test in the form of simple present tense, The total of the items
test is 40 items. 2. Writing descriptive text test
To know the students’ ability of writing descriptive text, the writer asked the students make a text to describe about people, place, or thing.
F. Try Out
Test are required to be reliable and valid.
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Try out of the tests are conducted to identify how valuable and effective the tests are before they would be used to collect
data of the research and to identify whether the test can be administered or not. It can be seen from the result of reliability and validity of the test. Try out of the test was
conducted on October 7
th
, 2016, this test was given to the class VIII B. The try out
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David Scott Marlene Morrison, Key in Educational Research, New York: Continuum, 2006, p. 246
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