conventions.
4 Good to average:
occasional errors in spelling, punctuation.
3 Fair to poor:
frequent errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization.
2 Very poor:
non mastery of convention-dominated by errors
of spelling,
punctuation, capitalization,
paragraphing.
Source: Christoper Tribble, Language Teaching Writing, p. 135 It means that in doing writing, the students have to attend the five components of
writing in order to create good writing. Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that writing ability is the ability to express ideas, feelings, and thoughts in written
form to transfer a message to the readers, by fulfilling the five important points of writing including content, grammar, organization, vocabulary, and mechanics.
F. Concept of Text
Text have a structure, they are orderly grammatical of words, clauses and sentences, and by following grammatical rules writers can encode a full semantic representation
of their intended meanings.
32
Futher, language is always produced, exchanged or received as a text that is language as a system of communication is organized as
cohesive units we call texts.
33
It means that text is used as a communication by the writer with organized the structure of the text and grammatical of words, clauses and
sentences.
32
Ken Hayland, Teaching and Researching Writing 2nd ed Edinburgh Gate: Pearson, 2009, p.8.
33
Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins, Genre, text, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd,2005, p.29.
The text structure is how to produce and interpret a unified and coherent text and how to select and use the correct grammatical aspects a certain unified and coherent text.
34
According to emilia that a text has texture and good characteristic
35
, as follow: a. Coherence
Coherense refers to a group clauses or sentences relate with the context. Coherence divided into situational coherence and generic coherence. Situational coherenceis the
reader can identify the text as one of the kind text such as recount, procedure, narrative, exposition, discussion, and can identify the structure in the text.
b. Cohesion Cohesion refers to how the writer relates each part from the text.
Based on those explanation, it can be inferred that a good text is a text that relates with the theme, use correct grammatical and generic structure appropriate with the
text, and can be understood by the reader.
In the subject material for Junior High School based on curriculum of 2013, there have many kind of the text must be learnt by students. Further, Emilia said that the
kinds of the text must be taught to give knowledge for the students in writing, such as descriptive, recount, narrative, procedure, report, exposition, explanation, news item.
Then, besides that the teacher must teach about the generic structure and grammatical
34
Sanggam Siahaan and Kisno Shinoda, Generic Text Structure Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2008, p.3.
35
Emi Emilia, Pendekatan Genre-Based dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris: Petunjuk untuk Guru Bandung: Rizqi, 2011, p.8.
features from each the kind of the text above.
36
It means that there have kinds of the text must be taught for the students challenge to express their idea in writing with
follow the learning process about the above.
Based on these explanation, it can be concluded that the kinds of the text those must be mastered by the students in writing for increase the students writing ability. In this
case, the researcher only focuses in students’ ability in writing descriptive text.
1. Kind of text
According to English Syllabus of School Based Curriculum KTSP, the teaching of writing for students of Senior High School involves the teaching of paragraphs or
text. In English, there are five kinds of English text in the teaching of wriring to SMA of students. Each of these texts has its own characteristics and functions. Students
should have knowledge of these texts. The example below are the genre of the texts:
37
a. Descriptive Text Descriptive Text is a text that describes a particular person, place or thing. The
purpose of descriptive text is to describes people, place or something in specific. Thefollowing is the generic stucture of descriptive text:
1 Identification, it is identify the subject or object to be described 2 Description, it gives information about the characteristics of an object.
36
Ibid,p.26.
37
Otong Setiawan Djuharie, Essay Writing, Bandung: YramaWidya, 2009, p. 153.
