categorize variable is as independent and dependent.” Based on the statement above, there are two variables in this research; they are independent variable and
dependent variable.
3.4.1 Independent Variable
Tuckman 1978:58 said that “Independent variable is a stimulate variable which is measured, manipulated, or selected by the experimenter to determine its
relationship to an observed phenomenon.” Based on the statement above, the independent variable of this research was the media used to improve students’
writing competence of narrative text for both groups either experimental group or control group. They were authentic song lyrics for experimental group and
pictures for control group.
3.4.2 Dependent Variable
According to Tuckman 1978:59, “dependent variable is response variable which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the
independent variable.” Based on the statement above, the dependent variable of this research was the students’ writing competence of narrative text.
3.5 Types of Data
The type of data in this research was quantitative. The quantitative method concerns in the numeric data which are got from the object of the research. The
data were got from the pre-test and the post-test scores. The data from the post – test scores were got after the students got treatment by using authentic song lyrics
for the experimental group and pictures for control group.
3.6 Instruments for Collecting Data
Instrument is very important thing to collect data in research project. The instrument should be matched with the design of the research and also the data
that the writer wanted to collect. In this study, the writer wanted to investigate students’ writing competence of narrative text. In order to do that, he has to give
tests to the students as the instrument for collecting data because the most appropriate instrument to collect data about people’s ability or knowledge is a
test. To collect data about students’ writing competence of narrative text, the
writer gave the writing test to the students as an instrument. In the pre – test, the students in both groups either experimental or control group were given writing
narrative test in a given topic, that was “love”. After pre – test has done, the students were given treatment. The experimental group was taught by using
authentic song lyrics, while the control group was taught by using pictures. By all means the treatment that was given contains the same topic in both groups. After
treatment has done, the students in both groups were given post – test in order to gain the data after treatment. The writer used the achievements scores of the
means of pre-test and post-test from the both groups in producing a narrative text. The scores were analyzed with the computation of the two means and the t-test
formula.
3.7 Methods of Collecting Data
There are several ways to collect the data. In this research, the writer used experimental method. In the experimental method, both group either experimental
