CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Analysis
Language is a tool of communication. It plays important rule in human life. People can not be separated from language because it is one of their needs of
communication. As human being, one interacts with another through communication. One major function of language is to communicate knowledge, skills and information.
Webster New Collegiate Dictionary 1981:641 defines that language is a systematic means of communicating ideas or feeling by the use of conventionalized signs,
gesture or mark having understood meaning. As a system of communication, language is also a social behavior that can be
learned as a social of foreign language besides the mother tongue or native language. Hartman 1982:132 states that linguistics studies language as human ability to
communicate, as individual expression, or as the common heritage of speech community, as spoken sound, or as written text. Sapir 1921:8 also says “ language is
purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotion, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols”. In addition, Hocket
1958:1 states that language is the most valuable single possession of the human race.
From those definition above, language can be regarded as system of symbols designed for the purpose of communication. A language is studied through linguistics.
Linguistics is a scientific knowledge that can be applied to study many languages in the world. Hartley 1982:2 mentions that can be applied to study to do with language,
it also implies that linguistics is relevant to learning of language.
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There are several branches of fields of linguistics which includes Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and also some other science that are related to
linguistics like Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Comparative linguistics, etc. All of these are concerned in language.
In a language, the basic thing is a word. Each word has the meaning. The meaning can change relatively. Therefore the process in forming a word also needed
to know. The branch of linguistics which concerns to word formation relates to the morphology. Bloomfield 1933:207 says: “ By definition, the resultant forms are
either bound forms or words but never phrase”. Besides that, Nida 1967:1 also state that morphology is the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words.
One of the study of the morphology is about affixation. Affixation is the process of forming words by adding bound morphemes either before or after the base
form in order to form new word. Affixes can be subdivided into prefixes and suffixes, depending upon whether they are attached to the beginning prefix and the end
suffix of a lexical morpheme Montler 1986:119. In this thesis, affixation is chosen as the subject of analysis, which particularly
concerns with morphological process found in A Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens as the data of this analysis. This novel is very interesting to go in certain
direction to find many English affixes aimed inside . So it is the real reason why it is chosen as the data of analysis, especially to find out the most dominant affix that used
in this novel. Affixes are divided into several categories, depending on their position with
reference to the basic form. Prefix and suffix always occurred in English.
Example: Based on searching some words which have same affixes in page 7 – 21.
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Affix Simple Example
Scheme Description
Prefix un- unwholesome
uncertain unaccountable
un+wholesome un+certain
un+accountable Prefix+stem Appears before a
base form
Suffix -ly lately
recently hoarsely
late+ly recent+ly
hoarse+ly Stem+suffix Appears after a
base form
Based on some examples above, prefix and suffix can be classified and analyzed as follows:
1. Prefix un- a.
Form Prefix un- does not change the form when it sticks on the base form.
un+ wholesome base form unwholesome
un + certain base form uncertain
un + accountable base form unaccountable
b. Distribution
Kategori