1.6 Method of the Analysis
Library research is applied in this thesis. This method supports the analysis in collecting some relevant references such as textbook with many theories, thesis, and
dictionary as the basic of lexical meaning. The population is all affixes that found in selected pages of novel A Tale of
Two Cities. The novel started by page 7 and end with page 336. So the total of population is 329 pages. From the population, the samples are taken by using
systemic sampling presented by Coheran 1977:205. The samples can be selected by using a certain formula. The formula is:
N = Total number of population, n = Number of sample, and
K = Interval N = n.k
329 = n.15 n = 329:15
n = 21,9 n = 22 rounded off upward
So, if the first sample is page 7, the next samples are page : 22, 37, 52, 67, 82, 97, 112, 127, 142, 157, 172, 187, 202, 217, 232, 247, 262, 277, 292, 307, and 322.
In explaining the findings of data analysis, descriptive qualitative method is applied by giving a description of prefixes and suffixes in which uses some
instruments in collecting the data, i.e. formula to count the data which means here to count the categories of prefixes and suffixes in the novel. All the result of counting in
order to get the percentage is for supporting the description N= n.k
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Therefore, the overall analysis will be systematically conducted by concentrating on the textual analysis with steps as follows:
1. Reading the novel A Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens repeatedly.
2. Identifying word by word which has affixes at selected pages.
3. Classifying the data into specific prefix and suffix .
4. Analyzing the data based on affixes categories.
5. Concluding the result of the analysis.
1.7 Review of Related Literature
In supporting the idea of this analysis, some relevant books have collected to support the topic. All these books have given a large contribution in writing this
thesis. Some definitions, opinions, and findings from relevant books are quoted as follows:
Bloomfield 1961 states that the bound forms which in secondary derivation are added to underlying form, are called affixes.
Cahyono 1995 states that affixes is bound form if it added to another form, it will change its grammatical meaning.
Lambert 1972 said that an affix is a morpheme which may be attached at the beginning or end of a base or to one or more morphemes ultimately attached to such a
base. Janndey and Polletto 1994 state that a prefix attaches to the beginning and a
suffix attaches to the end of a word, and the general term for prefixes and suffixes is affixation”
Muchtar 2007 mentioned that affixes is the process of forming word, that is a morpheme attached to a free morpheme or bound morpheme
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Marasi 2000 in “An Analysis of Morphological Process Used in Dian Campus” sums up that morphological process which productive in forming a new
word in Dian Campus is affixation. Mulyani 2004 in her thesis “An Analysis of Affixation In Harun Yahya’s
Book Darwinism Refuted” concludes that affixes in English can be subdivided into prefix and suffix. The form of prefix a-, in-, de-, co-con-cor-, mis-, re-, im-, pre-
,sub-, under--, un-, en-, over-, dis-, fore-, non-, out-, ir-, and pro- do not change the form when they are attached to base form, and in distribution, they can be attached to
noun, adjective, verb, or adverb base form. Those prefixes also do not change the function. While the most suffixes such as –ment, -tion, -al, - ful, - ary, and ly, change
the form if attached to base form.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Morphology
In many languages, words play an important grammatical role, in that they are built out of smaller elements by certain patterns, but are put together into sentences by
rather different patterns. Accordingly, it is customary to regard the grammatical system of a language as composed of two sub systems; morphology and syntax.
Morphology includes the construction of words and parts of words, while syntax includes the construction of phrase. Morphology as a sub discipline of linguistics,
concerned with the study and analysis of structure, forms, and classes of word. Hocket 1970:35 states that morphology includes the stock of segmental
morphemes, and the ways in which words are built out of them. While Bloomfield 1957:207 mentions that by the morphology of a language, we mean the construction
in which bound forms appear among the construction, by definition, the resultant for more either bound forms but never phrases. Jannedy, Poletto, and Weldon 1994:133
also describe that morphology as the study of the building blocks meaning in language.
From all the information above, it could be state morphology as the branch of linguistics that concerned with the study of morphemes with their different forms and
the way they combined together in word formation. Word and morpheme are important units in studying of morphology. Despite,
the popular notion that the word is the smallest meaningful unit, the smallest unit with meaning is actually the morpheme. In other words, many words are themselves
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