The word ‘yang’ in SL refers to
3.1.3. Transposition
Transposition is a strategy that is optional. Transposition is only used if the SL could not be conveyed well, or whether let it as it is if the translated text
could be understood without addition or subtraction. The changes could be done through making the plural to be single form, adjective placement, or
rearrangement of the structure. The key is to make the translated text is as equivalent and close as possible
to the original one. In the following sentence Transposition is done because the grammar in SL can not be found in TL.
SL : Berdiam diri tentang masalah itu merupakan kesalahan besar.
TL : It is a great mistake to keep silent about the matter.
3.2.Semantic Strategy
Semantic Strategy is used in a word, phrase, clause or sentence form while considering its meaning. The strategies include Borrowing, Cultural Equivalent,
Descriptive Equivalent and Componential Analysis, Synonym, Formal Translation, Subtraction and Elaboration, Addition, Omission, and Modulation.
3.2.1. Borrowing
Borrowing is a strategy that absorbs words from SL to TL. There are two reasons why this strategy is used: 1 the translator would like to acknowledge
the words, 2 there are no equivalent translation for the words. Before using this strategy, translator should know beforehand whether the text or word needs
either transliteration or naturalization.
Transliteration is a strategy that preserves the word, whether it is its sound or writing. Naturalization is the continuation of Transliteration; it is a strategy that
adjusts SL to fit well in TL. In short, Naturalization is similar to Adaptation. Below is sample of Transliteration and Naturalization:
SL Transliteration
Naturalization
Mall mall
mal sound and writing Sandal
sandal sandal sound
Orangutan orangutan
orangutan sound In a sentence, Borrowing is occasionally used for phrases that include
names of a person, place, magazine, journal, institution and certain terms that could not be found in TL.
3.2.2. Cultural Equivalent
Since each language has strong background culture, it is almost impossible to have a perfect translation. Cultural Equivalent helps translator to convey
peculiar terms, especially the words that have cultural essence that can not be found in TL, so it would stay natural yet comprehensible.
Sample: SL
: Minggu depan Jaksa Agung Andi Ghalib akan berkunjungke Swiss. TL
: Next week the Attonery General Andi Ghalib will visit Switzerland.
3.2.3. Descriptive Equivalent and Componential Analysis
This strategy is used in certain condition when the word in SL is much related to local culture and there is no equivalent translation in TL. Sometimes
there are words that need to be translated descriptively to give a clearer view to
the readers. Let us take an example, the word ‘samurai’ Japanese could not be translated as ‘bangsawan’ in Indonesian because the word contains Japanese
culture and history, so Descriptive Equivalent strategy should be used. The word ‘samurai’ is translated to ‘aristokrat Jepang pada abad XI sampai XIX yang
menjadi pegawai pemerintahan ’. This kind of translation is usually found in
glossary at the end of a book. Another strategy that is close to Descriptive Equivalent is Componential
Analysis. Componential Analysis is used in a condition where the words in SL should be described one by one to have a good translation in TL.
Sample: SL
: Gadis itu menari dengan luwesnya. TL
: The girl is dancing with great fluidity and grace. Using this strategy, the word
‘luwes’ is same with ‘bergerak dengan halus dan anggun
’ in Indonesian, therefore it is translated to ‘dancing with great fluidity and grace’ in English.
3.2.4. Synonym
Translation could be done by using the synonym of words in TL and feels the result would be better than using Componential Analysis.
Sample: SL
: Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda TL
: What a cute baby you’ve got
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