The sample above shows that ‘lucu’ is translated to ‘cute’. ‘Cute’ in English means something little or beauty, while ‘lucu’ in Indonesian actually means
something that is interesting to play with.
3.2.5. Formal Translation
Formal strategy is used for words that are already standardized by local government. The translators who translate foreign language to Indonesian need to
have “Pedoman Pengindonesiaan Nama dan Kata Asing” that is published by Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia. For example, “red-only
memory’ becomes “memori simpan tetap”. The translators would gain two benefits by using this strategy, the first is they may save time and the second is
they help developing Indonesian language through the right track.
3.2.6. Subtraction and Elaboration
Subtraction and Elaboration are done in the component of SL. As the example of Subtraction, the word ‘automobile’ in English becomes ‘mobil’
Indonesian, subtracts the word ‘auto’. The opposition of Subtraction is Elaboration that makes the word has element extension. The sample is the word
‘whale’. If it’s translated into Indonesian, it would become ‘ikanpaus’. It adds the word ‘ikan’ as the sign that ‘paus’ could not stand alone because it would have the
same meaning with ‘the Pope’, and it also signs that ‘paus’ is a kind of fish for Indonesian speakers.
3.2.7. Addition
Addition is a different kind of strategy from structural strategy. Addition is done when a translator feels that the readers need additional information so they
could understand the text thoroughly. Addition is usually put in footnote, at the end or in the body of a text. It helps translator during translating cultural terms or
other knowledge science. Sample:
SL : The skin, which is hard and scaly, is grayish in color, thus helping to
camouflage it from predators when underwater. TL
: Kulitnya, yang keras dan bersisik, berwarna abu-abu. Dengan demikian, kulit ini membantunya berkamuflase, menyesuaikan diri dengan
keadaan lingkungan untuk menyelamatkan diri dari predator, hewan pemangsa, jika berada di dalam air.
The sample shows that it uses borrowing strategy for ‘camouflage’ and ‘predator’ words. Yet, the translator needs to give additional information for each
biological term. The additions are ‘menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan lingkungan
’ or ‘adjusting itself with the environment’ in English, and ‘hewan pemangsa
’ as the literal translation for predator in Indonesian.
3.2.8. Omission
Omission is a strategy that deletes a word or a part of a text in SL for having a good translation in TL. This strategy is used only if the translator
feels that there is a part that is insignificant and better to be discarded, or else the readers would be confused.
Sample: SL
: “Sama dengan raden ayu ibunya,” katanya lirih.
TL : “Just like her mother,” she whispered.
