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paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder. The second cluster is Cluster B which groups personality disorder with dramatic, emotional or erratic
appearance. This cluster includes the antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorder. Also, the last cluster is Cluster C which groups
personality disorder with anxious and fearful appearance. This cluster includes the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
D. Antisocial Personality Disorder
Each type of personality disorders has essential features. It makes the personality disorders different from one to another. Antisocial personality disorder is
included in Cluster B which means it has dramatic, emotional, or erratic appearance. American Psychiatric Association 2000: 645 states
The essential feature of Antisocial Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood
or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Actually, there are several terms used in describing people who have deviation in their behaviors so they continuously exploit other people and violate law
or rules in order to gain personal pleasure or satisfaction. The terms used to describe this kind of personality disorder are antisocial personality disorder, sociopathy,
psychopathy, and also dissocial personality disorder Duggan et al, 2008: 13. The research conducted to analyze people with this personality disorder is always linked
to criminality. In the early 1800s, the researchers tried to understand prisoners or criminals who did malicious acts toward other people that made them diagnosed as
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being mentally ill. Later, in 1959, the UK Mental Health Act acknowledged antisocial personality disorder so that the patients with this personality disorder are possible to
get admission for hospital treatment Duggan et al, 2008: 14. A person is diagnosed as having antisocial personality disorder if he or she shows the same characteristics.
The characteristics of antisocial personality disorder are used to diagnose individual with antisocial personality disorder. Usually, people get diagnosed of
certain illness if they show the symptoms. For example, a girl will be diagnosed as having fever if her body temperature is high. That kind of symptoms will not appear
on people who have personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is not diagnosed by analyzing the symptoms or doing a blood test. Instead, individual who
is suspected of having antisocial personality disorder will be examined by using the characteristics of this disorder. DSM-IV
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION, 2000: 649-650 has seven criteria that characterize antisocial
personality disorder. A person has to be indicated by three or more of the characteristics. The characteristics of antisocial personality disorder are:
1. Failure to Conform Social Norms
People with antisocial personality disorder tend to fail in conform social norms American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 649. Living in society makes
humans have to obey the law. Law is needed so the society will live in peace. However, people with antisocial personality disorder do not have that kind of
understanding. They show no respect to law and often perform acts of law breaking
